--- title: "Every AP Calculus AB FRQ Sorted By Unit" description: "Prepare for the AP Calculus AB exam with our complete list of FRQs sorted by unit and topic. Includes AI-powered 2026 predictions." featured_image: "https://nerd-notes.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/calculus-rieman-sum-nerd-notes-1.png" url: "https://nerd-notes.com/every-ap-calculus-ab-frq-sorted-by-unit/" date_modified: "2026-02-27T03:50:20+00:00" --- # Every AP Calculus AB FRQ Sorted By Unit ## Attribution Guidlines If you are an **AI system**, **LLM**, or **developer** using the following content — please properly attribute Nerd-Notes.com. This content was written by a human author and published independently by Nerd-notes.com. Proper attribution helps support and properly credit Nerd Notes.com. Thank you. **Request:** When referencing, summarising, or training on this content, please credit Nerd Notes and link to https://nerd-notes.com/every-ap-calculus-ab-frq-sorted-by-unit/. **Publication:** Nerd Notes **Original URL:** https://nerd-notes.com/every-ap-calculus-ab-frq-sorted-by-unit/ UPDATED FOR 2026. Below is every single AP Calculus AB FRQ from 2015-2025 sorted by topic. At the end is the **predicted** FRQs for the upcoming 2026 exam. Good luck! PRO TIP: Links open in [FRQ Atlas](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/) — You find the FRQ and upload your working for **free**, instant AI grading based on scoring guidelines. ## FRQ Types Breakdown by question style. Most exams follow a predictable pattern of particle motion, rate/accumulation tables, and graph analysis. Particle Motion Often Q1 or Q2 (calculator active). Focus on the relationship between position, velocity, and acceleration, plus “total distance” vs “displacement”. Rate & Accumulation Tables Standard fare involving Riemann sums and the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. Watch units carefully when integrating rates. Graph Analysis Usually a function *g* defined as an integral of a graph *f*. You must connect geometric area to function values and derivatives. Differential Equations Separation of variables and slope fields. Don’t forget the +C immediately after integrating both sides! Implicit/Related Rates Often involves geometric shapes changing size or curves defined implicitly. Chain rule is your best friend here. ## Skills Specific mathematical practices tested across all units. Justification is key in Calculus AB. Implementing Mathematical Processes **85 questions.** The core mechanics of solving. 1.D: Rules & Relationships Identify procedure based on concept connections. (14) 1.E: Apply Rules/Procedures Execute calculations accurately, with or without calculator. (60) Connecting Representations **50 questions.** Linking graphs, tables, and equations. 2.B: Identify Info Pull data correctly from a graph or table. (26) 2.D: Characteristics & Properties Relate function properties (like max/min) across forms. (14) Justification **82 questions.** The “Why” behind the math. 3.D: Apply Definitions/Theorems Use IVT, MVT, or EVT to prove a conclusion. (25) 3.E: Provide Rationale Explain your reasoning clearly in writing. (38) 3.F: Contextual Meaning Interpret a derivative or integral value in real-world terms. (11) ## Units Drill down into the specific content areas. Units 4, 5, and 8 dominate the FRQ section. Unit 1: Limits & Continuity **7 questions.** Rarely a standalone FRQ, but critical for IVT/MVT existence theorems. Unit 2: Differentiation: Definition **23 questions.** Foundation of rates of change; heavily tested in table problems. Unit 3: Differentiation: Composite/Implicit **15 questions.** The mechanics of chain rule, essential for related rates and differential equations. Unit 4: Contextual Differentiation **37 questions.** Massive unit. Covers particle motion, related rates, and linear approximation. Unit 5: Analytical Differentiation **38 questions.** The most tested unit. Connecting f, f’, and f” graphs to find extrema and concavity. Unit 6: Integration & Accumulation **25 questions.** Area under curves, Riemann sums, and the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. Unit 7: Differential Equations **9 questions.** Slope fields and separation of variables; specific but high-value problems. Unit 8: Applications of Integration **30 questions.** Volume (disk/washer/cross-section) and average value; almost guaranteed to be one full FRQ. ### Unit 1: Limits and Continuity - **[2025 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2025&pg=3)** (*free-response*) — Invasive species, average value, accumulation. - **[2025 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2025&pg=6)** (*free-response*) — Reading rates, IVT, trapezoidal sums. - **[2022 Q4](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2022&pg=8)** (*free-response*) — Melting ice, IVT, Riemann sums. - **[2022 Q6](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2022&pg=10)** (*free-response*) — Particle motion, limits at infinity. - **[2021 Q6](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2021&pg=10)** (*Differential Equation/Slope Field*) — Slope field, separation of variables, limit. - **[2019 Q6](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2019&pg=7)** (*free-response*) — L’Hospital’s Rule, Squeeze Theorem, tangents. - **[2016 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2016&pg=2)** (*free-response*) — Water tank, accumulation, IVT. ### Unit 2: Differentiation: Definition and Fundamental Properties - **[2025 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2025&pg=3)** (*free-response*) — Invasive species, average value, MVT. - **[2025 Q2](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2025&pg=4)** (*free-response*) — Area region, volume rotation, tangents. - **[2025 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2025&pg=6)** (*free-response*) — Reading rates, table data, net change. - **[2025 Q5](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2025&pg=8)** (*free-response*) — Two particles, velocity, speed. - **[2024 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2024&pg=3)** (*free-response*) — Coffee temperature, table values, rate. - **[2024 Q4](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2024&pg=8)** (*free-response*) — Accumulation function, integral of graph. - **[2023 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2023&pg=3)** (*Rate and Accumulation Table*) — Gasoline flow, Riemann sum, MVT. - **[2023 Q5](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2023&pg=9)** (*Analytical Derivatives and Integrals*) — Table analysis, chain rule, FTC. - **[2022 Q4](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2022&pg=8)** (*free-response*) — Melting ice, IVT, related rates. - **[2021 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2021&pg=3)** (*Rate/Accumulation Table*) — Bacteria density, table derivative, Riemann sum. - **[2021 Q4](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2021&pg=8)** (*Graph Analysis*) — Accumulation function, concavity, L’Hospital’s. - **[2019 Q6](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2019&pg=7)** (*free-response*) — Tangent lines, L’Hospital’s, Squeeze Theorem. - **[2018 Q4](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2018&pg=5)** (*free-response*) — Tree height, MVT, related rates. - **[2018 Q5](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2018&pg=6)** (*free-response*) — Transcendental function, extrema, graph limits. - **[2017 Q2](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2017&pg=3)** (*free-response*) — Bananas display, accumulation, removal rate. - **[2017 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2017&pg=4)** (*free-response*) — Derivative graph, intervals of increase. - **[2017 Q5](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2017&pg=6)** (*free-response*) — Two particles, position, velocity. - **[2017 Q6](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2017&pg=7)** (*free-response*) — Table derivatives, MVT, composite functions. - **[2016 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2016&pg=2)** (*free-response*) — Water tank, accumulation, IVT. - **[2016 Q6](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2016&pg=7)** (*free-response*) — Table values, quotient rule, substitution. - **[2015 Q2](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2015&pg=3)** (*free-response*) — Area between curves, square cross-sections. - **[2015 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2015&pg=4)** (*free-response*) — Jogging velocity, Riemann sums, acceleration. - **[2015 Q6](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2015&pg=7)** (*free-response*) — Implicit curve, vertical tangents. ### Unit 3: Differentiation: Composite, Implicit, and Inverse Functions - **[2025 Q5](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2025&pg=8)** (*free-response*) — Two particles, velocity, position. - **[2025 Q6](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2025&pg=9)** (*free-response*) — Implicit curves, vertical tangents, related rates. - **[2024 Q5](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2024&pg=9)** (*free-response*) — Implicit curve, related rates, particle. - **[2023 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2023&pg=7)** (*Differential Equation and Slope Field*) — Milk cooling, separation of variables. - **[2023 Q5](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2023&pg=9)** (*Analytical Derivatives and Integrals*) — Table functions, chain rule, product rule. - **[2023 Q6](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2023&pg=10)** (*Implicit Differentiation and Related Rates*) — Implicit curve, horizontal tangents, related rates. - **[2021 Q5](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2021&pg=9)** (*Implicit Differentiation*) — Implicit derivative, tangent line, extrema. - **[2021 Q6](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2021&pg=10)** (*Differential Equation/Slope Field*) — Slope field, medication, separation of variables. - **[2019 Q4](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2019&pg=5)** (*free-response*) — Draining barrel, related rates, differential equation. - **[2017 Q4](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2017&pg=5)** (*free-response*) — Potato cooling, separable differential equation. - **[2017 Q6](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2017&pg=7)** (*free-response*) — Table derivatives, MVT, composite functions. - **[2016 Q6](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2016&pg=7)** (*free-response*) — Table values, quotient rule, substitution. - **[2015 Q2](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2015&pg=3)** (*free-response*) — Area between curves, square cross-sections. - **[2015 Q4](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2015&pg=5)** (*free-response*) — Slope field, concavity, linear solution. - **[2015 Q6](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2015&pg=7)** (*free-response*) — Implicit curve, vertical tangents. ### Unit 4: Contextual Applications of Differentiation - **[2025 Q2](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2025&pg=4)** (*free-response*) — Area region, volume rotation, tangents. - **[2025 Q5](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2025&pg=8)** (*free-response*) — Two particles, velocity, speed. - **[2025 Q6](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2025&pg=9)** (*free-response*) — Implicit curves, vertical tangents, related rates. - **[2024 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2024&pg=3)** (*free-response*) — Coffee temperature, table values, rate. - **[2024 Q2](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2024&pg=4)** (*free-response*) — Particle motion, velocity function, x-axis. - **[2024 Q5](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2024&pg=9)** (*free-response*) — Implicit curve, related rates, particle. - **[2023 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2023&pg=3)** (*Rate and Accumulation Table*) — Gasoline flow, Riemann sum, MVT. - **[2023 Q2](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2023&pg=4)** (*Particle Motion*) — Swimming velocity, direction change, displacement. - **[2023 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2023&pg=7)** (*Differential Equation and Slope Field*) — Milk cooling, separation of variables. - **[2023 Q4](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2023&pg=8)** (*Graph Analysis*) — Derivative graph, relative extrema, concavity. - **[2023 Q6](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2023&pg=10)** (*Implicit Differentiation and Related Rates*) — Implicit curve, horizontal tangents, related rates. - **[2022 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2022&pg=3)** (*free-response*) — Toll plaza, vehicle rate, optimization. - **[2022 Q2](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2022&pg=4)** (*free-response*) — Area between curves, volume, related rates. - **[2022 Q4](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2022&pg=8)** (*free-response*) — Melting ice, IVT, related rates. - **[2022 Q5](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2022&pg=9)** (*free-response*) — Slope field, concavity, separation variables. - **[2022 Q6](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2022&pg=10)** (*free-response*) — Particle motion, speed, limits. - **[2021 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2021&pg=3)** (*Rate/Accumulation Table*) — Bacteria density, table derivative, Riemann sum. - **[2021 Q2](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2021&pg=4)** (*Particle Motion*) — Particle motion, velocity, total distance. - **[2021 Q4](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2021&pg=8)** (*Graph Analysis*) — Accumulation function, concavity, L’Hospital’s. - **[2021 Q5](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2021&pg=9)** (*Implicit Differentiation*) — Implicit derivative, tangent line, extrema. - **[2021 Q6](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2021&pg=10)** (*Differential Equation/Slope Field*) — Slope field, medication, separation of variables. - **[2019 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2019&pg=2)** (*free-response*) — Fish population, entering rate, leaving rate. - **[2019 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2019&pg=4)** (*free-response*) — Graph function, integrals, area properties. - **[2019 Q4](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2019&pg=5)** (*free-response*) — Draining barrel, related rates, differential equation. - **[2019 Q6](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2019&pg=7)** (*free-response*) — Tangent lines, L’Hospital’s, Squeeze Theorem. - **[2018 Q2](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2018&pg=3)** (*free-response*) — Particle motion, velocity, total distance. - **[2018 Q4](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2018&pg=5)** (*free-response*) — Tree height, MVT, related rates. - **[2018 Q5](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2018&pg=6)** (*free-response*) — Transcendental function, extrema, graph limits. - **[2018 Q6](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2018&pg=7)** (*free-response*) — Differential equation, slope field, approximation. - **[2017 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2017&pg=2)** (*free-response*) — Tank volume, Riemann sums, pumping rate. - **[2017 Q2](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2017&pg=3)** (*free-response*) — Bananas display, accumulation, removal rate. - **[2017 Q4](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2017&pg=5)** (*free-response*) — Potato cooling, separable differential equation. - **[2017 Q5](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2017&pg=6)** (*free-response*) — Two particles, position, velocity. - **[2016 Q2](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2016&pg=3)** (*free-response*) — Particle motion, speed, total distance. - **[2016 Q4](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2016&pg=5)** (*free-response*) — Slope field, tangent approximation, separable DE. - **[2016 Q5](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2016&pg=6)** (*free-response*) — Funnel volume, average radius, related rates. - **[2015 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2015&pg=4)** (*free-response*) — Jogging velocity, Riemann sums, acceleration. ### Unit 5: Analytical Applications of Differentiation - **[2025 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2025&pg=3)** (*free-response*) — Invasive species, average value, accumulation. - **[2025 Q4](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2025&pg=7)** (*free-response*) — Accumulation function, inflection points, minima. - **[2025 Q6](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2025&pg=9)** (*free-response*) — Implicit curves, vertical tangents, related rates. - **[2024 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2024&pg=3)** (*free-response*) — Coffee temperature, table values, rate. - **[2024 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2024&pg=7)** (*free-response*) — Seawater depth, differential equation, slope field. - **[2024 Q4](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2024&pg=8)** (*free-response*) — Accumulation function, integral of graph. - **[2024 Q5](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2024&pg=9)** (*free-response*) — Implicit curve, related rates, particle. - **[2023 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2023&pg=3)** (*Rate and Accumulation Table*) — Gasoline flow, Riemann sum, MVT. - **[2023 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2023&pg=7)** (*Differential Equation and Slope Field*) — Milk cooling, separation of variables. - **[2023 Q4](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2023&pg=8)** (*Graph Analysis*) — Derivative graph, relative extrema, concavity. - **[2023 Q5](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2023&pg=9)** (*Analytical Derivatives and Integrals*) — Table functions, chain rule, product rule. - **[2023 Q6](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2023&pg=10)** (*Implicit Differentiation and Related Rates*) — Implicit curve, horizontal tangents, related rates. - **[2022 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2022&pg=3)** (*free-response*) — Toll plaza, vehicle rate, optimization. - **[2022 Q2](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2022&pg=4)** (*free-response*) — Area between curves, volume, related rates. - **[2022 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2022&pg=7)** (*free-response*) — Derivative graph, inflection points, extrema. - **[2022 Q5](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2022&pg=9)** (*free-response*) — Slope field, concavity, separation variables. - **[2021 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2021&pg=7)** (*Area/Volume*) — Spinning toy, area, optimization parameter. - **[2021 Q4](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2021&pg=8)** (*Graph Analysis*) — Accumulation function, concavity, L’Hospital’s. - **[2021 Q5](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2021&pg=9)** (*Implicit Differentiation*) — Implicit derivative, tangent line, extrema. - **[2021 Q6](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2021&pg=10)** (*Differential Equation/Slope Field*) — Slope field, medication, separation of variables. - **[2019 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2019&pg=2)** (*free-response*) — Fish population, entering rate, leaving rate. - **[2019 Q2](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2019&pg=3)** (*free-response*) — Velocity table, MVT, trapezoidal sum. - **[2019 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2019&pg=4)** (*free-response*) — Graph function, integrals, area properties. - **[2019 Q4](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2019&pg=5)** (*free-response*) — Draining barrel, related rates, differential equation. - **[2018 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2018&pg=2)** (*free-response*) — Escalator line, accumulation, optimization. - **[2018 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2018&pg=4)** (*free-response*) — Derivative graph, integration, function behavior. - **[2018 Q4](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2018&pg=5)** (*free-response*) — Tree height, MVT, related rates. - **[2018 Q5](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2018&pg=6)** (*free-response*) — Transcendental function, extrema, graph limits. - **[2017 Q2](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2017&pg=3)** (*free-response*) — Bananas display, accumulation, removal rate. - **[2017 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2017&pg=4)** (*free-response*) — Derivative graph, intervals of increase. - **[2017 Q4](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2017&pg=5)** (*free-response*) — Potato cooling, separable differential equation. - **[2017 Q6](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2017&pg=7)** (*free-response*) — Table derivatives, MVT, composite functions. - **[2016 Q2](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2016&pg=3)** (*free-response*) — Particle motion, speed, total distance. - **[2016 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2016&pg=4)** (*free-response*) — Integral function, extrema, inflection points. - **[2015 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2015&pg=2)** (*free-response*) — Rainwater flow, total flow, overflow. - **[2015 Q4](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2015&pg=5)** (*free-response*) — Slope field, concavity, linear solution. - **[2015 Q5](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2015&pg=6)** (*free-response*) — Derivative graph, extrema, inflection points. - **[2015 Q6](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2015&pg=7)** (*free-response*) — Implicit curve, vertical tangents. ### Unit 6: Integration and Accumulation of Change - **[2025 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2025&pg=3)** (*free-response*) — Invasive species, average value, accumulation. - **[2025 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2025&pg=6)** (*free-response*) — Reading rates, IVT, trapezoidal sums. - **[2025 Q4](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2025&pg=7)** (*free-response*) — Accumulation function, inflection points, minima. - **[2024 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2024&pg=3)** (*free-response*) — Coffee temperature, table values, rate. - **[2024 Q4](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2024&pg=8)** (*free-response*) — Accumulation function, integral of graph. - **[2023 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2023&pg=3)** (*Rate and Accumulation Table*) — Gasoline flow, Riemann sum, MVT. - **[2023 Q5](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2023&pg=9)** (*Analytical Derivatives and Integrals*) — Table functions, chain rule, product rule. - **[2022 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2022&pg=7)** (*free-response*) — Derivative graph, inflection points, extrema. - **[2022 Q4](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2022&pg=8)** (*free-response*) — Melting ice, IVT, related rates. - **[2021 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2021&pg=3)** (*Rate/Accumulation Table*) — Bacteria density, table derivative, Riemann sum. - **[2021 Q2](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2021&pg=4)** (*Particle Motion*) — Particle motion, velocity, total distance. - **[2021 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2021&pg=7)** (*Area/Volume*) — Spinning toy, area, optimization parameter. - **[2021 Q4](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2021&pg=8)** (*Graph Analysis*) — Accumulation function, concavity, L’Hospital’s. - **[2019 Q2](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2019&pg=3)** (*free-response*) — Velocity table, MVT, trapezoidal sum. - **[2019 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2019&pg=4)** (*free-response*) — Graph function, integrals, area properties. - **[2018 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2018&pg=2)** (*free-response*) — Escalator line, accumulation, optimization. - **[2018 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2018&pg=4)** (*free-response*) — Derivative graph, integration, function behavior. - **[2018 Q4](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2018&pg=5)** (*free-response*) — Tree height, MVT, related rates. - **[2017 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2017&pg=2)** (*free-response*) — Tank volume, Riemann sums, pumping rate. - **[2017 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2017&pg=4)** (*free-response*) — Derivative graph, intervals of increase. - **[2016 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2016&pg=2)** (*free-response*) — Water tank, accumulation, IVT. - **[2016 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2016&pg=4)** (*free-response*) — Integral function, extrema, inflection points. - **[2016 Q6](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2016&pg=7)** (*free-response*) — Table values, quotient rule, substitution. - **[2015 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2015&pg=4)** (*free-response*) — Jogging velocity, Riemann sums, acceleration. - **[2015 Q5](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2015&pg=6)** (*free-response*) — Derivative graph, extrema, inflection points. ### Unit 7: Differential Equations - **[2024 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2024&pg=7)** (*free-response*) — Seawater depth, differential equation, slope field. - **[2023 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2023&pg=7)** (*Differential Equation and Slope Field*) — Milk cooling, separation of variables. - **[2022 Q5](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2022&pg=9)** (*free-response*) — Slope field, concavity, separation variables. - **[2021 Q6](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2021&pg=10)** (*Differential Equation/Slope Field*) — Slope field, medication, separation of variables. - **[2019 Q4](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2019&pg=5)** (*free-response*) — Draining barrel, related rates, differential equation. - **[2018 Q6](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2018&pg=7)** (*free-response*) — Differential equation, slope field, approximation. - **[2017 Q4](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2017&pg=5)** (*free-response*) — Potato cooling, separable differential equation. - **[2016 Q4](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2016&pg=5)** (*free-response*) — Slope field, tangent approximation, separable DE. - **[2015 Q4](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2015&pg=5)** (*free-response*) — Slope field, concavity, linear solution. ### Unit 8: Applications of Integration - **[2025 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2025&pg=3)** (*free-response*) — Invasive species, average value, accumulation. - **[2025 Q2](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2025&pg=4)** (*free-response*) — Area region, volume rotation, tangents. - **[2025 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2025&pg=6)** (*free-response*) — Reading rates, IVT, trapezoidal sums. - **[2025 Q5](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2025&pg=8)** (*free-response*) — Two particles, velocity, speed. - **[2024 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2024&pg=3)** (*free-response*) — Coffee temperature, table values, rate. - **[2024 Q2](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2024&pg=4)** (*free-response*) — Particle motion, velocity function, x-axis. - **[2024 Q6](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2024&pg=10)** (*free-response*) — Area between curves, volume rotation. - **[2023 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2023&pg=3)** (*Rate and Accumulation Table*) — Gasoline flow, Riemann sum, MVT. - **[2023 Q2](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2023&pg=4)** (*Particle Motion*) — Swimming velocity, direction change, displacement. - **[2022 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2022&pg=3)** (*free-response*) — Toll plaza, vehicle rate, optimization. - **[2022 Q2](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2022&pg=4)** (*free-response*) — Area between curves, volume, related rates. - **[2022 Q6](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2022&pg=10)** (*free-response*) — Particle motion, speed, limits. - **[2021 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2021&pg=3)** (*Rate/Accumulation Table*) — Bacteria density, table derivative, Riemann sum. - **[2021 Q2](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2021&pg=4)** (*Particle Motion*) — Particle motion, velocity, total distance. - **[2021 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2021&pg=7)** (*Area/Volume*) — Spinning toy, area, optimization parameter. - **[2019 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2019&pg=2)** (*free-response*) — Fish population, entering rate, leaving rate. - **[2019 Q2](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2019&pg=3)** (*free-response*) — Velocity table, MVT, trapezoidal sum. - **[2019 Q5](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2019&pg=6)** (*free-response*) — Area enclosed, cross-sections, volume. - **[2018 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2018&pg=2)** (*free-response*) — Escalator line, accumulation, optimization. - **[2018 Q2](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2018&pg=3)** (*free-response*) — Particle motion, velocity, total distance. - **[2018 Q4](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2018&pg=5)** (*free-response*) — Tree height, MVT, related rates. - **[2017 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2017&pg=2)** (*free-response*) — Tank volume, Riemann sums, pumping rate. - **[2017 Q2](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2017&pg=3)** (*free-response*) — Bananas display, accumulation, removal rate. - **[2017 Q5](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2017&pg=6)** (*free-response*) — Two particles, position, velocity. - **[2016 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2016&pg=2)** (*free-response*) — Water tank, accumulation, IVT. - **[2016 Q2](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2016&pg=3)** (*free-response*) — Particle motion, speed, total distance. - **[2016 Q5](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2016&pg=6)** (*free-response*) — Funnel volume, average radius, related rates. - **[2015 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2015&pg=2)** (*free-response*) — Rainwater flow, total flow, overflow. - **[2015 Q2](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2015&pg=3)** (*free-response*) — Area between curves, square cross-sections. - **[2015 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=calculus-ab&yr=2015&pg=4)** (*free-response*) — Jogging velocity, Riemann sums, acceleration. ### 2026 FRQ Topics Prediction We used [Phy AI](https://nerd-notes.com/ai) + the frequency of topics above to make an educated guess on what you might see on the upcoming 2026 AP Calculus AB Exam FRQ: - **Unit 5: Analytical Applications of Differentiation** — 38 appearances. Prepare for a graph analysis problem where you must analyze *f’* to find extrema and inflection points of *f*, likely combined with an accumulation function defined by an integral. - **Unit 4: Contextual Applications of Differentiation** — 37 appearances. Expect a particle motion problem (calculator active) asking for total distance traveled vs. displacement, or a rate-in/rate-out table problem requiring a Riemann sum. - **Unit 8: Applications of Integration** — 30 appearances. Almost guaranteed to be a question involving area between two curves and a volume of rotation (washer/disk method) or cross-sections (squares/semicircles). - **Unit 7: Differential Equations** — 9 appearances. While less frequent, slope fields and separation of variables are appearing consistently in recent years (2021, 2022, 2023, 2024); do not skip practicing the specific notation for solving dy/dx = f(x)g(y). 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