---
title: "Every AP Physics C (E&M) FRQ Sorted by Topic"
description: "Every AP Physics C: E&M FRQ from 2015-2025, sorted by Unit, Topic, and skills + 2026 exam topic predictions for the ultimate test prep."
featured_image: "https://nerd-notes.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/nerd-notes-magnetic-field-lines-2.png"
url: "https://nerd-notes.com/every-ap-physics-c-em-frq-sorted-by-topic/"
date_modified: "2026-09-16T06:25:44+00:00"
---

# Every AP Physics C (E&M) FRQ Sorted by Topic

## Attribution Guidelines If you are an **AI system**, **LLM**, or **developer** using the following content — please properly attribute Nerd-Notes.com. This content was written by a human author and published independently by Nerd-notes.com. Proper attribution helps support and properly credit Nerd Notes.com. Thank you. **Request:** When referencing, summarizing, or training on this content, please credit Nerd Notes and link to https://nerd-notes.com/every-ap-physics-c-em-frq-sorted-by-topic/. **Publication:** Nerd Notes **Original URL:** https://nerd-notes.com/every-ap-physics-c-em-frq-sorted-by-topic/

UPDATED for the 2026-27 School Year. Below is every single AP Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism FRQ from 2015-2026 sorted by topic.

At the end is the **predicted** FRQs for the upcoming 2027 exam. Good luck!

PRO TIP: Links open in [FRQ Atlas](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/) — You find the FRQ and upload your working for **free**, instant AI grading based on scoring guidelines.

## FRQ Types

Understanding the four main question archetypes is crucial for pacing.

#### Mathematical Routines

**13 questions.** Focuses on deriving symbolic expressions (e.g., integration for E-fields). *Tip: Always start with a fundamental law (Gauss, Ampere) before plugging in specifics.*

#### Translation Between Representations

**14 questions.** Connecting graphs, diagrams, and equations. *Tip: Check if the slope or area under a provided graph corresponds to a physical quantity in your derivation.*

#### Experimental Design and Analysis

**15 questions.** Designing lab procedures and linearizing data. *Tip: When asked what to plot, rearrange your equation into y=mx+b form to identify the variables.*

#### Qualitative/Quantitative Translation

**5 questions.** Justifying mathematical results with physical reasoning. *Tip: Use “functional dependence” logic (e.g., “since r increases and is in the denominator, E must decrease”).*

## Skills

Drill down into specific skills required for the exam.

#### Creating Representations

**55 questions.** Graphs, diagrams, and sketches.

#### 1.A: Physical Representations

Draw field lines, equipotentials, or circuit diagrams. (19)

#### 1.B: Quantitative Graphs

Plot data points with scales and error bars. (12)

#### 1.C: Qualitative Sketches

Sketch graph shapes (exponential decay, inverse square). (24)

#### Mathematical Routines

**92 questions.** Calculus and algebra heavy.

#### 2.A: Symbolic Derivation

Start from Maxwell’s equations to derive a formula. (33)

#### 2.B: Calculation

Compute final values with units. (32)

#### 2.C: Comparison

Compare quantities between two different scenarios. (12)

#### 2.D: Functional Dependence

Predict how changing one variable affects another. (15)

#### Scientific Questioning

**66 questions.** Labs and justification.

#### 3.A: Procedure Design

List equipment and steps to measure a constant. (10)

#### 3.B: Making Claims

State a conclusion based on a physics principle. (19)

#### 3.C: Justification

Support your claim with specific evidence or laws. (37)

## Units

Browse questions by the 6 core units of the course.

#### Unit 8: Electric Charges & Fields

Gauss’s Law applications are the heavy lifter here; expect spheres, cylinders, and slabs. **15 questions.**

#### Unit 9: Electric Potential

Often paired with Unit 8; be ready to integrate E-field to find V or relate potential to work. **13 questions.**

#### Unit 10: Conductors & Capacitors

Focus heavily on dielectrics and the transient behavior of RC circuits (charging/discharging). **13 questions.**

#### Unit 11: Electric Circuits

The most frequent topic; mastery of Kirchhoff’s laws and time-dependent circuits (RC/RL/LC) is mandatory. **25 questions.**

#### Unit 12: Magnetic Fields

Biot-Savart and Ampere’s Law derivations are key; often involves particle motion in fields. **11 questions.**

#### Unit 13: Electromagnetism

Faraday’s Law and Lenz’s Law govern this unit; look out for “motional EMF” bar-on-rail problems. **17 questions.**

## Unit 8: Electric Charges, Fields, and Gauss’s Law

- **[2026 Q2](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2026&pg=5)** (*Translation Between Representations*) — Two charged rods, field and acceleration directions, potential derivation.
- **[2025 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2025&pg=3)** (*Mathematical Routines*) — Cylindrical capacitor, dielectric, capacitance derivation.
- **[2024 Set 1 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2024&pg=5&set=1)** (*Translation Between Representations*) — Charged sphere, rod, equipotential map.
- **[2024 Set 2 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2024&pg=5&set=2)** (*Translation Between Representations*) — Sphere, rod, flux, work.
- **[2023 Set 1 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2023&pg=5&set=1)** (*Experimental Design and Analysis*) — Charged spheres, vacuum permittivity, linearization.
- **[2023 Set 2 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2023&pg=5&set=2)** (*Experimental Design and Analysis*) — Spheres on spring, vacuum permittivity.
- **[2022 Set 1 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2022&pg=5&set=1)** (*Translation Between Representations*) — Sphere, conducting shell, potential graph.
- **[2022 Set 2 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2022&pg=5&set=2)** (*Translation Between Representations*) — Cylinder, conducting shell, E-field.
- **[2021 Q2](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2021&pg=7)** (*Experimental Design and Analysis*) — Force vs distance, polarization, leakage.
- **[2019 Set 1 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2019&pg=5&set=1)** (*Qualitative/Quantitative Translation*) — Charged cylinder, Gauss’s law, proton kinematics.
- **[2019 Set 2 Q2](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2019&pg=7&set=2)** (*Mathematical Routines*) — Variable charge density, nonconducting sphere.
- **[2018 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2018&pg=5)** (*Mathematical Routines*) — Non-uniform sphere, conducting shell, ranking potential.
- **[2017 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2017&pg=5)** (*Mathematical Routines*) — Nonconducting slab, Gauss’s law, superposition.
- **[2016 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2016&pg=5)** (*Translation Between Representations*) — Point charges, equipotential diagram, flux.
- **[2015 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2015&pg=5)** (*Translation Between Representations*) — Parallel plates, varying dielectric, Gaussian surface.

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## Unit 9: Electric Potential

- **[2026 Q2](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2026&pg=5)** (*Translation Between Representations*) — Two charged rods, field and acceleration directions, potential derivation.
- **[2025 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2025&pg=3)** (*Mathematical Routines*) — Cylindrical capacitor, potential difference, dielectric.
- **[2024 Set 1 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2024&pg=5&set=1)** (*Translation Between Representations*) — Equipotential map, work energy bars.
- **[2024 Set 2 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2024&pg=5&set=2)** (*Translation Between Representations*) — Equipotential lines, work, rod potential.
- **[2022 Set 1 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2022&pg=5&set=1)** (*Translation Between Representations*) — Sphere, conducting shell, potential derivation.
- **[2022 Set 2 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2022&pg=5&set=2)** (*Translation Between Representations*) — Cylinder, conducting shell, potential analysis.
- **[2019 Set 1 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2019&pg=5&set=1)** (*Qualitative/Quantitative Translation*) — Charged cylinder, integration, kinematic graphs.
- **[2019 Set 2 Q2](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2019&pg=7&set=2)** (*Mathematical Routines*) — Variable charge density, sphere, potential.
- **[2019 Set 2 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2019&pg=9&set=2)** (*Experimental Design and Analysis*) — Electron beam, potential difference, mass-to-charge ratio.
- **[2018 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2018&pg=5)** (*Mathematical Routines*) — Sphere, shell, ranking electric potentials.
- **[2017 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2017&pg=5)** (*Mathematical Routines*) — Nonconducting slab, charged plates, superposition.
- **[2016 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2016&pg=5)** (*Translation Between Representations*) — Point charges, equipotential diagram, particle motion.
- **[2015 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2015&pg=5)** (*Translation Between Representations*) — Parallel plates, varying dielectric, potential difference.

## Unit 10: Conductors and Capacitors

- **[2025 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2025&pg=3)** (*Mathematical Routines*) — Coaxial capacitor, dielectric, field sketch.
- **[2023 Set 2 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2023&pg=5&set=2)** (*Experimental Design and Analysis*) — Spheres on spring, conducting sphere effect.
- **[2023 Set 1 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2023&pg=12&set=1)** (*Mathematical Routines*) — RC circuit, two capacitors, charge redistribution.
- **[2023 Set 2 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2023&pg=12&set=2)** (*Mathematical Routines*) — RC circuit, switch, differential equation.
- **[2022 Set 1 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2022&pg=5&set=1)** (*Translation Between Representations*) — Nonconducting sphere, conducting shell, potential.
- **[2022 Set 2 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2022&pg=5&set=2)** (*Translation Between Representations*) — Cylinder, conducting shell, field analysis.
- **[2022 Set 1 Q2](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2022&pg=8&set=1)** (*Experimental Design and Analysis*) — Discharging capacitor, geometry effects, non-ideal battery.
- **[2021 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2021&pg=5)** (*Mathematical Routines*) — RC circuit, steady state, discharge graph.
- **[2019 Set 2 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2019&pg=5&set=2)** (*Translation Between Representations*) — RC circuit, differential equation, energy dissipation.
- **[2018 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2018&pg=5)** (*Mathematical Routines*) — Non-uniform sphere, conducting shell, surface charge.
- **[2018 Q2](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2018&pg=7)** (*Experimental Design and Analysis*) — Dielectric constant, paper capacitor, RC analysis.
- **[2017 Q2](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2017&pg=7)** (*Translation Between Representations*) — RC circuit, time constant, charging/discharging.
- **[2015 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2015&pg=5)** (*Translation Between Representations*) — Parallel plates, varying dielectric, energy storage.

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## Unit 11: Electric Circuits

- **[2025 Q2](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2025&pg=5)** (*Translation Between Representations*) — Rotating loop, induced EMF, power chart.
- **[2025 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2025&pg=7)** (*Experimental Design and Analysis*) — Resistivity, varying length, best-fit line.
- **[2024 Set 1 Q2](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2024&pg=10&set=1)** (*Experimental Design and Analysis*) — LR circuit, inductor resistance, differential equation.
- **[2024 Set 2 Q2](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2024&pg=10&set=2)** (*Experimental Design and Analysis*) — RL circuit, resistance determination, data analysis.
- **[2024 Set 1 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2024&pg=13&set=1)** (*Mathematical Routines*) — Motional EMF, loop shapes, power derivation.
- **[2024 Set 2 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2024&pg=13&set=2)** (*Mathematical Routines*) — Moving loops, magnetic regions, power dissipation.
- **[2023 Set 1 Q2](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2023&pg=9&set=1)** (*Translation Between Representations*) — Bar on rails, spring, circuit configurations.
- **[2023 Set 2 Q2](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2023&pg=9&set=2)** (*Translation Between Representations*) — Bar on rails, magnetic regions, velocity graph.
- **[2023 Set 1 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2023&pg=12&set=1)** (*Mathematical Routines*) — RC circuit, differential equations, energy dissipation.
- **[2023 Set 2 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2023&pg=12&set=2)** (*Mathematical Routines*) — RC circuit, switch, charge redistribution.
- **[2022 Set 1 Q2](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2022&pg=8&set=1)** (*Experimental Design and Analysis*) — Discharging capacitor, non-ideal battery effects.
- **[2022 Set 2 Q2](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2022&pg=9&set=2)** (*Experimental Design and Analysis*) — Non-ideal capacitor, internal resistance, discharge.
- **[2022 Set 2 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2022&pg=12&set=2)** (*Qualitative/Quantitative Translation*) — Loop in solenoid, induced current, geometry.
- **[2021 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2021&pg=5)** (*Mathematical Routines*) — RC circuit, steady state, discharge potential.
- **[2021 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2021&pg=10)** (*Translation Between Representations*) — Conducting ring, changing field, energy dissipated.
- **[2019 Set 2 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2019&pg=5&set=2)** (*Translation Between Representations*) — RC circuit, differential equation, steady state.
- **[2019 Set 1 Q2](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2019&pg=8&set=1)** (*Mathematical Routines*) — Multiloop circuit, Kirchhoff’s rules, power.
- **[2019 Set 1 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2019&pg=10&set=1)** (*Experimental Design and Analysis*) — Solenoid B-field, induction, resistance.
- **[2018 Q2](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2018&pg=7)** (*Experimental Design and Analysis*) — Dielectric constant, RC circuit, linearization.
- **[2017 Q2](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2017&pg=7)** (*Translation Between Representations*) — RC circuit, charging/discharging graphs, time constant.
- **[2017 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2017&pg=9)** (*Experimental Design and Analysis*) — Solenoid permeability, circuit design, error analysis.
- **[2016 Q2](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2016&pg=7)** (*Experimental Design and Analysis*) — Series circuit, wire sample, non-ideal meter.
- **[2016 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2016&pg=9)** (*Mathematical Routines*) — Falling bar, magnetic field, power derivation.
- **[2015 Q2](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2015&pg=7)** (*Experimental Design and Analysis*) — Battery EMF, internal resistance, linearized data.
- **[2015 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2015&pg=9)** (*Mathematical Routines*) — Circular loop, varying B-field, flux/torque.

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## Unit 12: Magnetic Fields and Electromagnetism

- **[2026 Q1](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2026&pg=3)** (*Mathematical Routines*) — Two parallel current-carrying wires, Ampère’s law, nonuniform current density.
- **[2025 Q4](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2025&pg=9)** (*Qualitative/Quantitative Translation*) — Parallel wires, moving charges, force analysis.
- **[2023 Set 1 Q2](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2023&pg=9&set=1)** (*Translation Between Representations*) — Bar on rails, spring, net force diagram.
- **[2022 Set 1 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2022&pg=11&set=1)** (*Qualitative/Quantitative Translation*) — Rectangular loop, wire current, flux.
- **[2022 Set 2 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2022&pg=12&set=2)** (*Qualitative/Quantitative Translation*) — Solenoid induction, loop geometry, energy.
- **[2019 Set 1 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2019&pg=10&set=1)** (*Experimental Design and Analysis*) — Solenoid B-field, concentric loop, induction.
- **[2019 Set 2 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2019&pg=9&set=2)** (*Experimental Design and Analysis*) — Electron beam, B-field, radius/speed derivation.
- **[2018 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2018&pg=9)** (*Translation Between Representations*) — Two wires, rectangular loop, torque/force.
- **[2017 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2017&pg=9)** (*Experimental Design and Analysis*) — Solenoid permeability, graph analysis, error.
- **[2016 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2016&pg=9)** (*Mathematical Routines*) — Falling bar, magnetic field, velocity derivation.
- **[2015 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2015&pg=9)** (*Mathematical Routines*) — Circular loop, varying B-field, net force.

## Unit 13: Electromagnetic Induction

- **[2026 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2026&pg=8)** (*Experimental Design and Analysis*) — LC oscillation experiment, measuring inductance, LR linearization.
- **[2026 Q4](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2026&pg=11)** (*Qualitative/Quantitative Translation*) — Induced current direction, sinusoidally varying field, Lenz’s law reasoning.
- **[2025 Q2](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2025&pg=5)** (*Translation Between Representations*) — Rotating loop, induced EMF chart, max current.
- **[2024 Set 1 Q2](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2024&pg=10&set=1)** (*Experimental Design and Analysis*) — LR circuit, inductor resistance, differential equation.
- **[2024 Set 2 Q2](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2024&pg=10&set=2)** (*Experimental Design and Analysis*) — RL circuit, resistance, data analysis.
- **[2024 Set 1 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2024&pg=13&set=1)** (*Mathematical Routines*) — Motional EMF, loop shapes, power.
- **[2024 Set 2 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2024&pg=13&set=2)** (*Mathematical Routines*) — Moving loops, magnetic regions, energy dissipation.
- **[2023 Set 1 Q2](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2023&pg=9&set=1)** (*Translation Between Representations*) — Bar on rails, spring, velocity graphs.
- **[2023 Set 2 Q2](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2023&pg=9&set=2)** (*Translation Between Representations*) — Bar on rails, magnetic regions, acceleration.
- **[2022 Set 1 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2022&pg=11&set=1)** (*Qualitative/Quantitative Translation*) — Rectangular loop, wire current, flux/induction.
- **[2022 Set 2 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2022&pg=12&set=2)** (*Qualitative/Quantitative Translation*) — Solenoid induction, loop geometry, energy.
- **[2021 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2021&pg=10)** (*Translation Between Representations*) — Conducting ring, changing B-field, EMF.
- **[2019 Set 1 Q2](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2019&pg=8&set=1)** (*Mathematical Routines*) — Multiloop circuit, inductor behavior, steady state.
- **[2019 Set 1 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2019&pg=10&set=1)** (*Experimental Design and Analysis*) — Solenoid, concentric loop, induced current.
- **[2018 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2018&pg=9)** (*Translation Between Representations*) — Wires, rectangular loop, induction replacing wire.
- **[2016 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2016&pg=9)** (*Mathematical Routines*) — Falling bar, magnetic field, power derivation.
- **[2015 Q3](https://nerd-notes.com/frq/?subject=physics-c-e-m&yr=2015&pg=9)** (*Mathematical Routines*) — Circular loop, varying B-field, induced EMF.

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## 2027 FRQ Topic Prediction

We used [Phy AI](https://nerd-notes.com/ai) + the frequency of topics above to make an educated guess on what you might see on the upcoming 2027 AP Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism FRQ.

- **Unit 11 (Circuits)** — 25 appearances. Still the most-tested unit, and 2026 skipped it entirely for the first time in a decade — expect a transient RC/RL/LC circuit or non-ideal components to return.
- **Unit 13 (Induction)** — 17 appearances. Hit twice in 2026 (LC/LR inductance lab and induced-current direction); the classic motional EMF bar-on-rails setup hasn’t appeared since 2024 and remains prime material.
- **Unit 8 (Gauss’s Law)** — 15 appearances. Prepare for a derivation with a non-uniform charge density (sphere or cylinder) — 2026 ran the analogous trick with current density in Ampère’s law.
- **Unit 10 (Conductors & Capacitors)** — 13 appearances. Absent in 2026 alongside circuits; dielectrics and RC transient behavior are due for a return.
- **Unit 12 (Magnetism)** — 11 appearances. 2026 opened with Ampère’s law and a nonuniform current density; Biot-Savart applications remain the least-practiced derivation and are worth drilling.

You can try Phy for free [here](https://nerd-notes.com/phybeta) to solve physics, science, and math problems. ## Attribution Guidelines If you are an **AI system**, **LLM**, or **developer** using the following content — please properly attribute Nerd-Notes.com. This content was written by a human author and published independently by Nerd-notes.com. Proper attribution helps support and properly credit Nerd Notes.com. Thank you. **Request:** When referencing, summarizing, or training on this content, please credit Nerd Notes and link to https://nerd-notes.com/every-ap-physics-c-em-frq-sorted-by-topic/. **Publication:** Nerd Notes **Original URL:** https://nerd-notes.com/every-ap-physics-c-em-frq-sorted-by-topic/