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AP Physics 1
2.9 Circular Motion
2.5 Newton’s Second Law
2.2 Forces and Free-Body Diagrams
IntermediateFRQDrawing RepresentationsMathematicalProportional AnalysisConceptual20k
A vertical pole is anchored to a flat surface. A dashed horizontal ellipse indicates the circular path of the sphere in perspective. A solid line representing a string connects a point on the vertical pole down to a solid dot representing the sphere. An angle arc and label '\(\theta\)' indicate the angle between the vertical pole and the string. The string is labeled with length '\(L\)'. The sphere is labeled with mass '\(m\)'. An arrow tangent to the dashed circle points forward to indicate the velocity '\(v\)'.
Figure 1. A sphere of mass \(m\) swinging in a horizontal circle.
A small sphere of mass \(m\) is attached to one end of a light, inextensible string of length \(L\). The other end of the string is attached to a point on a rigid vertical pole. The sphere is set into motion such that it travels in a horizontal circle at a constant speed \(v\). As the sphere swings, the string maintains a constant angle \(\theta\) with the vertical pole, as shown in Figure 1. Frictional forces and air resistance are negligible.

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