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AP Physics 2
14.3 Boundary Behavior of Waves and Polarization
AdvancedMCQMathematicalConceptual22.8k
A horizontal string extends from left to right toward a thin vertical rod. An upright transverse wave pulse of amplitude A travels to the right along the string toward the rod. The rightmost end of the string is tied to a small circular ring of mass m centered around the vertical rod. Two small arrows pointing along the rod indicate friction acting on the ring. No other labels, lines, text, or axes appear.
Wave pulse approaching a ring of mass m on a vertical rod with friction.
A transverse wave pulse with amplitude \(A\) and total mechanical energy \(E_0\) travels along a horizontal string toward a vertical rod.

In System 1, the end of the string is attached to a ring of negligible mass that slides without friction along the rod. The pulse reflects, reaching a maximum vertical boundary displacement of \(y_1 = 2A\) and retaining mechanical energy \(E_1 = E_0\).

In System 2, the end of the string is attached to a ring of mass \(m\) that experiences kinetic friction as it slides along the rod.

Which of the following correctly compares the maximum vertical displacement of the ring \(y_2\) and the mechanical energy of the reflected pulse \(E_2\) in System 2 to \(2A\) and \(E_0\)?

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