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AP Physics 2
13.3 Refraction
AdvancedMCQGraphicalConceptual21k
A rectangular transparent tank viewed from the side in the xy-plane. The vertical axis is labeled y (height) and the horizontal axis is labeled x (distance). Shading inside the tank is darkest at the bottom (y = 0) and smoothly lightens toward the top, illustrating that the index of refraction n is greatest at the bottom. A horizontal arrow representing a laser beam enters the left side of the tank at height y_0, pointing initially to the right along the positive x-direction.
Side view of fluid tank with vertical index of refraction gradient.
A rectangular transparent tank is filled with a liquid solution in which solute concentration creates a vertical index of refraction gradient. The index of refraction \(n\) increases continuously from top to bottom along the vertical \(y\)-axis, reaching its maximum value at the bottom of the tank (\(y = 0\)). A narrow laser beam enters the tank horizontally from the left wall at height \(y_0\), traveling initially along the \(+x\)-direction.

Which of the following graphs best represents the path \(y(x)\) of the laser beam as it travels through the liquid?

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