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AP Physics 2
10.5 Electric Potential
10.4 Electric Potential Energy
IntermediateMCQMathematicalConceptual13.6k
A schematic diagram showing a uniform electric field and two dipole orientations. Four evenly spaced parallel horizontal arrows pointing to the right represent a uniform electric field \(\vec{E}\). On the left side, labeled 'Initial State', a horizontal rod of length \(d\) is parallel to \(\vec{E}\) with a sphere labeled '\(-q\)' on the left and a sphere labeled '\(+q\)' on the right. On the right side, labeled 'Final State', the rod is oriented vertically, perpendicular to \(\vec{E}\), with '\(+q\)' at the top end and '\(-q\)' at the bottom end. A curved dashed arrow shows a \(90^\circ\) counterclockwise rotation from the initial state to the final state. No other labels, lines, text, or axes appear.
Initial and final orientations of the dipole in the uniform electric field.
An electric dipole consists of two small spheres with charges \(+q\) and \(-q\) connected by a rigid insulating rod of length \(d\). The dipole is initially aligned parallel to a uniform electric field of magnitude \(E\), with the positive charge downstream in the direction of the field. An external agent rotates the dipole by \(90^\circ\) about its center so that the rod becomes perpendicular to the electric field lines. How does the electric potential energy of the dipole-field system change, and why?

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