AP Chemistry
1.7 Periodic Trends
1.5 Atomic Structure and Electron Configuration
A student compares the first ionization energies and valence-electron configurations of two pairs of Period 3 elements.
The student observes that the first ionization energy decreases from \(\text{Mg}\) to \(\text{Al}\) and from \(\text{P}\) to \(\text{S}\). Which row correctly predicts the electronegativity comparison for each pair?
| Element | Valence-electron configuration | First ionization energy \(\text{(kJ/mol)}\) |
|---|---|---|
| \(\text{Mg}\) | \([\text{Ne}]3s^2\) | \(738\) |
| \(\text{Al}\) | \([\text{Ne}]3s^2 3p^1\) | \(578\) |
| \(\text{P}\) | \([\text{Ne}]3s^2 3p^3\) | \(1{,}012\) |
| \(\text{S}\) | \([\text{Ne}]3s^2 3p^4\) | \(1{,}000\) |
The student observes that the first ionization energy decreases from \(\text{Mg}\) to \(\text{Al}\) and from \(\text{P}\) to \(\text{S}\). Which row correctly predicts the electronegativity comparison for each pair?
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