AP Chemistry
3.9 Separation of Solutions and Mixtures
A student plans to separate an equimolar liquid mixture of ethanol, \(\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH}\), and water, \(\text{H}_2\text{O}\), by fractional distillation at \(1\text{ atm}\).
The apparatus includes an electrically heated distillation flask, a packed fractionating column, a thermometer, a water-cooled condenser, and a receiving flask. Which proposed setup, operating procedure, and prediction will best produce an ethanol-enriched initial distillate while correctly monitoring the vapor temperature?
| Component | Normal boiling point |
|---|---|
| \(\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH}\) | \(78^\circ\text{C}\) |
| \(\text{H}_2\text{O}\) | \(100^\circ\text{C}\) |
The apparatus includes an electrically heated distillation flask, a packed fractionating column, a thermometer, a water-cooled condenser, and a receiving flask. Which proposed setup, operating procedure, and prediction will best produce an ethanol-enriched initial distillate while correctly monitoring the vapor temperature?
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