AP Chemistry
4.4 Physical and Chemical Changes
4.1 Introduction for Reactions
A student performs four separate lab procedures at \(25^\circ\text{C}\) and atmospheric pressure, recording the initial conditions and final observations in the table below.
Based on the observations recorded in the table, which procedure provides the best evidence that a chemical reaction occurred, and why?
| Procedure | Initial system | Manipulation | Final observation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | \(10\text{ mL}\) of colorless \(\text{KI(aq)}\) | Added \(10\text{ mL}\) of colorless \(\text{Pb(NO}_3)_2\text{(aq)}\) | Immediate formation of a bright yellow solid |
| 2 | \(50\text{ mL}\) of colorless \(\text{H}_2\text{O(l)}\) | Added \(2.0\text{ g}\) of white \(\text{C}_{12}\text{H}_{22}\text{O}_{11}\text{(s)}\) with stirring | Solid disappears to form a clear, colorless liquid |
| 3 | \(10\text{ mL}\) of dark blue \(\text{CuSO}_4\text{(aq)}\) | Added \(40\text{ mL}\) of colorless \(\text{H}_2\text{O(l)}\) with stirring | Mixture becomes a uniform pale blue liquid |
| 4 | \(25\text{ mL}\) of colorless \(\text{H}_2\text{O(l)}\) | Heated from \(25^\circ\text{C}\) to \(100^\circ\text{C}\) | Bubbles form and liquid vaporizes as steam |
Based on the observations recorded in the table, which procedure provides the best evidence that a chemical reaction occurred, and why?
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