AP Chemistry
2.6 Resonance and Formal Charge
2.5 Lewis Diagrams
2.1 Types of Chemical Bonds
A student considers the following possible Lewis contributors for gas-phase \(\text{CO}\), which has \(10\) valence electrons.
The measured dipole moment is only \(0.12\ \text{D}\), but its negative end is at \(\text{C}\). Which statement best reconciles the dipole-moment data with the Lewis contributors?
| Contributor | Bonding and lone pairs | Formal charges | Electron-count feature |
|---|---|---|---|
| \(\mathrm{I}\) | One \(\text{C}\equiv\text{O}\) triple bond and \(1\) lone pair on each atom | \(\text{C}=-1\), \(\text{O}=+1\) | \(8\) electrons around each atom |
| \(\mathrm{II}\) | One \(\text{C}=\text{O}\) double bond, \(1\) lone pair on \(\text{C}\), and \(2\) lone pairs on \(\text{O}\) | \(\text{C}=0\), \(\text{O}=0\) | \(6\) electrons around \(\text{C}\) and \(8\) around \(\text{O}\) |
| \(\mathrm{III}\) | One \(\text{C}-\text{O}\) single bond, \(1\) lone pair on \(\text{C}\), and \(3\) lone pairs on \(\text{O}\) | \(\text{C}=+1\), \(\text{O}=-1\) | \(4\) electrons around \(\text{C}\) and \(8\) around \(\text{O}\) |
The measured dipole moment is only \(0.12\ \text{D}\), but its negative end is at \(\text{C}\). Which statement best reconciles the dipole-moment data with the Lewis contributors?
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