AP Chemistry
1.4 Composition of Mixtures
1.1 Moles and Molar Mass
A student analyzes a solid salt blend recovered from a thermal-storage system. The blend contains only \(\text{NaCl}\), \(\text{KCl}\), and \(\text{KNO}_3\). Separate representative portions of the blend, each with a mass of \(3.085\text{ g}\), are analyzed as shown below.
The relevant processes are
\[ \text{Ag}^{+}\text{(aq)}+\text{Cl}^{-}\text{(aq)}\rightarrow\text{AgCl(s)} \]
and
\[ 2\,\text{KNO}_3\text{(s)}\rightarrow 2\,\text{KNO}_2\text{(s)}+\text{O}_2\text{(g)}. \]
The relevant molar masses are \(M_{\text{NaCl}}=58.5\text{ g mol}^{-1}\), \(M_{\text{KCl}}=74.5\text{ g mol}^{-1}\), \(M_{\text{KNO}_3}=101.0\text{ g mol}^{-1}\), \(M_{\text{AgCl}}=143.5\text{ g mol}^{-1}\), and \(M_{\text{O}_2}=32.0\text{ g mol}^{-1}\). Which of the following gives the mole-percent composition of the original blend in the order \(\text{NaCl}\), \(\text{KCl}\), and \(\text{KNO}_3\)?
| Analysis | Procedure | Measured result |
|---|---|---|
| Precipitation | The portion is dissolved, excess \(\text{AgNO}_3\text{(aq)}\) is added, and the precipitate is dried. | \(4.305\text{ g}\) of \(\text{AgCl(s)}\) |
| Thermal decomposition | The portion is heated until only \(\text{KNO}_3\) decomposes and the mass becomes constant. | Final mass of \(2.925\text{ g}\) |
The relevant processes are
\[ \text{Ag}^{+}\text{(aq)}+\text{Cl}^{-}\text{(aq)}\rightarrow\text{AgCl(s)} \]
and
\[ 2\,\text{KNO}_3\text{(s)}\rightarrow 2\,\text{KNO}_2\text{(s)}+\text{O}_2\text{(g)}. \]
The relevant molar masses are \(M_{\text{NaCl}}=58.5\text{ g mol}^{-1}\), \(M_{\text{KCl}}=74.5\text{ g mol}^{-1}\), \(M_{\text{KNO}_3}=101.0\text{ g mol}^{-1}\), \(M_{\text{AgCl}}=143.5\text{ g mol}^{-1}\), and \(M_{\text{O}_2}=32.0\text{ g mol}^{-1}\). Which of the following gives the mole-percent composition of the original blend in the order \(\text{NaCl}\), \(\text{KCl}\), and \(\text{KNO}_3\)?
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