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AP Physics 2
11.5 Compound Direct Current (DC) Circuits
IntermediateMCQConceptual19.9k
A single rectangular circuit schematic. Along the top horizontal branch, a dashed rectangular box represents a real battery. Inside the dashed box, an ideal battery symbol with two parallel vertical plates of unequal length labeled \(\varepsilon\) is wired in series with a resistor symbol labeled \(r\). Solid dots labeled \(X\) and \(Y\) mark the terminals on the wire just outside the left and right ends of the dashed box. A voltmeter circle labeled \(V\) is connected in parallel across terminals \(X\) and \(Y\). The circuit continues clockwise down the right vertical wire to the bottom horizontal branch. The bottom branch contains a variable resistor symbol, shown as a standard zig-zag resistor with a diagonal arrow passing through it, labeled \(R\). The left vertical wire connects back to terminal \(X\) to complete the loop. An arrow above the top wire labeled \(I\) points to the right. No other labels, lines, text, or components appear.
Circuit containing a real battery and a variable load resistor.
A real battery with electromotive force (emf) \(\varepsilon\) and constant internal resistance \(r\) is connected in series with a variable resistor of resistance \(R\), as shown in the diagram. An experimenter slowly decreases the resistance \(R\), which causes the current \(I\) in the circuit to increase. Which of the following statements correctly describes what happens to the terminal voltage across the battery and provides the correct justification?

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