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AP Physics C: E&M
9.3 Conservation of Electric Energy
9.2 Electric Potential
IntermediateMCQMathematical21.5k
A cross-sectional schematic diagram of a sphere and radial tunnel. A large circle of radius \(R\) is filled with light gray shading. A solid radial line segment extends from the center of the circle to its rightmost edge, labeled \(R\) above the line. A label \(-Q\) is centered in the upper-left quadrant of the circle. Along the horizontal radius pointing to the right, a narrow white horizontal rectangular strip represents a tunnel from the center to the outer boundary. At the exact center of the circle, a small solid black dot represents a particle, labeled \(+q, m\) below the dot. A single horizontal arrow labeled \(v_0\) originates at the particle and points to the right along the tunnel. No other labels, lines, text, or axes appear.
Particle inside a uniformly charged insulating sphere.
A solid, nonconducting sphere of radius \(R\) has a total negative charge \(-Q\) distributed uniformly throughout its volume. A narrow, frictionless radial tunnel extends from the center of the sphere to its surface. A small particle of mass \(m\) and positive charge \(+q\) is initially at the center of the sphere. In terms of \(Q\), \(q\), \(m\), \(R\), and fundamental constants, what is the minimum launch speed \(v_0\) required for the particle to escape to infinity?

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