AP Chemistry
8.6 Molecular Structure of Acids and Bases
A student compiles data for several binary compounds to investigate periodic trends in acid strength, as shown in the table below.
Across Period 2, \(\text{HF(aq)}\) is a stronger acid than \(\text{H}_2\text{O(l)}\), whereas down Group 17, \(\text{HCl(aq)}\) is a stronger acid than \(\text{HF(aq)}\). Which of the following pairs correctly identifies the dominant factor responsible for the greater acid strength of \(\text{HCl(aq)}\) compared to \(\text{HF(aq)}\) and the correct comparison of their acid-ionization constants, \(K_a\), at \(298\text{ K}\)?
| Compound | Electronegativity of \(\text{X}\) | \(\text{H}-\text{X}\) bond energy (\(\text{kJ/mol}\)) |
|---|---|---|
| \(\text{H}_2\text{O}\) | \(3.5\) | \(467\) |
| \(\text{HF}\) | \(4.0\) | \(567\) |
| \(\text{HCl}\) | \(3.0\) | \(431\) |
Across Period 2, \(\text{HF(aq)}\) is a stronger acid than \(\text{H}_2\text{O(l)}\), whereas down Group 17, \(\text{HCl(aq)}\) is a stronger acid than \(\text{HF(aq)}\). Which of the following pairs correctly identifies the dominant factor responsible for the greater acid strength of \(\text{HCl(aq)}\) compared to \(\text{HF(aq)}\) and the correct comparison of their acid-ionization constants, \(K_a\), at \(298\text{ K}\)?
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