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AP Physics C: Mechanics
5.6 Newton’s Second Law in Rotational Form
5.1 Rotational Kinematics
AdvancedMCQMathematicalConceptual15.2k
A circular disk of radius R is shown in a front view, centered on a small black circular axle. A horizontal dashed line extends radially to the right from the center of the axle to the outer rim of the disk, representing the initial angular position at zero radians. A solid radial line segment extends from the center of the axle upward and to the right at an acute angle to the outer rim. A curved, counterclockwise arrow spans from the horizontal dashed line to the solid radial line segment, labeled with the symbol \theta. A second curved counterclockwise arrow is positioned just outside the upper-right perimeter of the disk, labeled \alpha(\theta). A small curved arrow near the axle indicates the direction of rotation. No other labels, lines, text, or axes appear.
A circular disk pivoted at its center rotating through an angular displacement \(\theta\).
A uniform wheel of rotational inertia \(I\) is mounted on a fixed horizontal axle through its center. Starting from rest at angular position \(\theta = 0\), a mechanism exerts a net torque such that the wheel's angular acceleration varies with angular displacement according to \(\alpha(\theta) = b\theta^2\), where \(b\) is a positive constant. A student uses the constant-acceleration kinematic equation \(\omega^2 = \omega_0^2 + 2\alpha\Delta\theta\) to estimate the angular speed at displacement \(\theta\), substituting \(\alpha(\theta) = b\theta^2\) to obtain \(\omega_{\text{est}} = \sqrt{2b\theta^3}\). Which of the following statements correctly compares the actual angular speed \(\omega\) to \(\omega_{\text{est}}\) and provides the correct justification?

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