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AP Physics C: E&M
10.3 Capacitors
10.2 Redistribution of Charge between Conductors
10.1 Electrostatics with Conductors
AdvancedMCQConceptual20.2k
A schematic showing two identical circles of radius \(R\) positioned along a horizontal axis, separated by center-to-center distance \(d\). The left circle is shaded light gray and labeled \(Q_0\) at its center. A radial dashed line segment extends from the center of the left circle to its boundary, labeled \(R\). The right circle is unshaded with a solid black outline and labeled neutral. A thin horizontal line connects the highest point of the left circle to the highest point of the right circle. A horizontal dimension line with two arrowheads sits below both circles, indicating the center-to-center separation distance labeled \(d\). No other labels, lines, text, or axes appear.
Two separated conducting spheres connected by a thin conductive wire.
Two identical conducting spheres of radius \(R\) are separated by a center-to-center distance \(d \gg R\). Initially, one sphere carries a net charge \(Q_0\) and the other sphere is neutral, giving the two-sphere system an initial total electrostatic potential energy \(U_0\). A thin wire of negligible electrical resistance connects the two spheres, allowing charge to transfer until a new electrostatic equilibrium is reached, resulting in a final total electrostatic potential energy of \(\dfrac{1}{2}U_0\). Which of the following statements best explains why the final electrostatic potential energy is less than the initial electrostatic potential energy?

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