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AP Physics C: Mechanics
7.5 Simple and Physical Pendulums
AdvancedMCQProportional AnalysisConceptual19.5k
A vertical uniform rod of length \(L\) and mass \(M\) is suspended from a small circular pivot at its top end. A small solid circular clamp representing a point mass \(m\) is attached to the rod at a variable distance \(x\) below the pivot. A vertical dashed reference line extends downward from the pivot parallel to the rod. A double-headed dimension arrow labeled \(x\) spans from the center of the pivot to the center of mass \(m\). A second double-headed dimension arrow labeled \(L\) spans the full length of the rod from the pivot to its bottom free end. The rod is shown hanging vertically at rest. No other labels, lines, text, or axes appear.
A uniform rod of length \(L\) and mass \(M\) with an adjustable point mass \(m\) at distance \(x\).
A physical pendulum consists of a uniform thin rod of mass \(M\) and length \(L\) pivoted frictionlessly at one end, and an adjustable point mass \(m\) clamped at a distance \(x\) from the pivot, where \(0 \le x \le L\).

For small-angle oscillations, the period of the system as a function of the clamp position is given by
\[ T(x) = 2\pi \sqrt{\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{3}ML^2 + mx^2}{g\left(\dfrac{1}{2}ML + mx\right)}} \]

Which of the following correctly identifies the period of oscillation in the limit \(x \to 0\) and explains whether the period initially increases or decreases as the point mass is moved slightly away from the pivot?

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