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AP Physics 2
11.6 Kirchhoff’s Loop Rule
11.5 Compound Direct Current (DC) Circuits
11.3 Resistance, Resistivity, and Ohm’s Law
AdvancedMCQMathematicalConceptual25.3k
Three circuit diagrams labeled Circuit 1, Circuit 2, and Circuit 3 arranged horizontally side by side. In each circuit, a real battery is drawn as a dashed rectangular outline containing an ideal DC voltage source labeled \(\mathcal{E}\) connected in series with an internal resistor labeled \(r\). Terminals marked as dots sit on the top and bottom wire boundaries of each dashed box. Circuit 1 shows the battery terminals connected to a single external resistor labeled \(R\). Circuit 2 shows the battery terminals connected to two external resistors labeled \(R\) connected in series. Circuit 3 shows the battery terminals connected to two external resistors labeled \(R\) connected in parallel branches. No other labels, lines, text, or axes appear.
Three load circuits connected to a real battery with internal resistance.
A real battery with electromotive force (EMF) \(\mathcal{E}\) and non-negligible internal resistance \(r\) is connected in turn to three different load circuits composed of identical resistors, each with resistance \(R\):

- Circuit 1: A single resistor of resistance \(R\).
- Circuit 2: Two resistors of resistance \(R\) connected in series.
- Circuit 3: Two resistors of resistance \(R\) connected in parallel.

Which of the following correctly ranks the potential difference across the battery's terminals, \(V_{\text{term}}\), for the three circuits?

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