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AP Physics 2
9.4 The First Law of Thermodynamics
IntermediateMCQMathematicalConceptual23.7k
A quantitative graph of pressure P versus volume V. The horizontal axis is labeled V (10^-3 m^3) with tick marks at 0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0. The vertical axis is labeled P (10^5 Pa) with tick marks at 0, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0. Three points form a right triangle: point A is at (1.0, 1.0), point B is at (4.0, 3.0), and point C is at (4.0, 1.0). A straight line connects A to B with an arrowhead pointing toward B. A vertical dashed line connects B to C with an arrowhead pointing downward toward C. A horizontal dashed line connects C to A with an arrowhead pointing leftward toward A. No other labels, lines, text, or axes appear.
P-V diagram for a cyclic process.
An ideal gas undergoes a cyclic process \(A \rightarrow B \rightarrow C \rightarrow A\) as shown in the \(P\text{--}V\) diagram. Step \(A \rightarrow B\) is a linear expansion from state \(A\, (1.0 \times 10^{-3} \text{ m}^3, 1.0 \times 10^5 \text{ Pa})\) to state \(B\, (4.0 \times 10^{-3} \text{ m}^3, 3.0 \times 10^5 \text{ Pa})\), step \(B \rightarrow C\) is an isochoric pressure reduction, and step \(C \rightarrow A\) is an isobaric compression back to state \(A\). What is the net thermal energy transferred to the gas during one complete cycle?

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