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AP Physics 2
14.3 Boundary Behavior of Waves and Polarization
AdvancedMCQMathematical14k
A horizontal axis line indicating a light beam extends from left to right. Three circular polarizing filter disks are arranged sequentially along this line. The first filter disk on the left is labeled Filter 1 and contains a vertical line with double-headed arrows indicating its transmission axis at angle 0 degrees. The middle filter disk is labeled Filter 2 and contains a line rotated by an angle theta relative to the vertical, labeled theta. The third filter disk on the right is labeled Filter 3 and contains a horizontal line with double-headed arrows indicating its transmission axis at 90 degrees relative to the vertical. An arrow representing incident unpolarized light with intensity I_0 points into Filter 1 from the left, and an arrow labeled I points out of Filter 3 to the right. No other labels, lines, text, or axes appear.
Unpolarized light passing through three sequential polarizing filters.
Unpolarized light of initial intensity \(I_0\) travels along the \(x\)-axis and passes through three ideal polarizing filters arranged sequentially. The first filter has a vertical transmission axis (\(\theta_1 = 0^\circ\)). The second filter has its transmission axis oriented at an angle \(\theta\) relative to the vertical, where \(0^\circ < \theta < 90^\circ\). The third filter has a horizontal transmission axis (\(\theta_3 = 90^\circ\)). Which of the following expressions correctly gives the intensity \(I\) of the light emerging from the third filter?

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