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AP Physics 2
13.3 Refraction
BeginnerMCQConceptual18.5k
A horizontal line represents the boundary between air (above, labeled n_1 = 1.00) and water (below, labeled n_2 = 1.33). A vertical dashed line passes perpendicularly through the boundary to represent the normal. A straight arrow representing an incident light ray originates in the upper-left region of the air section and travels downward and to the right, striking the boundary at the intersection point of the boundary and the normal line. The angle between the incident ray and the vertical dashed normal line in air is labeled \theta_1. No refracted or reflected rays are shown below or above the boundary. No other labels, lines, text, or axes appear.
Light ray incident on an air-water boundary.
A beam of light traveling in air (index of refraction \(n_{\text{air}} = 1.00\)) strikes the surface of still water (index of refraction \(n_{\text{water}} = 1.33\)) at an angle of incidence \(\theta_1 > 0^\circ\) relative to the normal line. Which of the following claims correctly describes the direction of the refracted ray in the water and provides the correct physical justification?

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