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AP Physics 2
9.4 The First Law of Thermodynamics
AdvancedMCQMathematicalConceptual22.9k
A P-V diagram with vertical axis labeled P and horizontal axis labeled V. The origin is at the lower-left. A single point is marked in the upper-left region labeled (V_0, P_0). Two downward-curving paths extend from (V_0, P_0) to the right, ending at horizontal position 2V_0. The upper path is labeled Process 1 (Isothermal) and ends at pressure P_1. The lower path is labeled Process 2 (Adiabatic) and curves downward more steeply, ending at a lower pressure P_2. Ticks on the horizontal axis mark V_0 and 2V_0. Ticks on the vertical axis mark P_0, P_1, and P_2. No other labels, lines, text, or axes appear.
P-V diagram for isothermal (Process 1) and adiabatic (Process 2) expansions.
A sample of an ideal gas expands from an initial state \((P_0, V_0)\) to a final volume \(2V_0\) via two different thermodynamic paths, as shown in the \(P\text{-}V\) diagram. In Process 1, the gas expands isothermally at temperature \(T_0\). In Process 2, the gas expands adiabatically from the same initial state. Which of the following correctly compares the magnitude of the work done by the gas during Process 1 (\(W_1\)) to the work done by the gas during Process 2 (\(W_2\)), and provides the correct physical justification?

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