A heat engine contains \(n\) moles of a monatomic ideal gas. The gas is taken through a thermodynamic cycle consisting of three processes:

- Process 1 \(\rightarrow\) 2: Isothermal expansion at a constant temperature \(T_H\) from an initial volume \(V_0\) to a final volume \(3V_0\). (The work done on the gas during this process is \(W_{12} = -nRT_H \ln 3\)).
- Process 2 \(\rightarrow\) 3: Isobaric compression at constant pressure until the gas returns to its initial volume \(V_0\).
- Process 3 \(\rightarrow\) 1: Isochoric heating at constant volume back to state 1.