AP Chemistry
9.10 Cell Potential Under Nonstandard Conditions
9.9 Cell Potential and Free Energy
9.8 Galvanic (Voltaic) and Electrolytic Cells
9.5 Free Energy and Equilibrium
A student constructs a concentration cell to model the transfer of copper ions between two recycling streams. Two equal-volume solutions of \(\text{CuSO}_4\text{(aq)}\), initially \(1.0\text{ M}\) and \(0.010\text{ M}\), are connected by a salt bridge. A \(\text{Cu(s)}\) electrode is placed in each solution, and the electrodes are connected through an external circuit. As the cell operates at constant temperature, the student records the following data.
Which statement best explains why the measured cell potential approaches \(0.000\text{ V}\)?
| Stage | \(\dfrac{[\text{Cu}^{2+}]_{\text{high}}}{[\text{Cu}^{2+}]_{\text{low}}}\) | \(E_{\text{cell}}\) (V) |
|---|---|---|
| Initial | 100 | 0.059 |
| Later | 10 | 0.030 |
| Later | 2 | 0.009 |
| Equilibrium | 1 | 0.000 |
Which statement best explains why the measured cell potential approaches \(0.000\text{ V}\)?
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