AP Chemistry
9.4 Thermodynamic and Kinetic Control
9.3 Gibbs Free Energy and Thermodynamic Favorability
A materials-science student stores a polished sample of \(\text{C(s, diamond)}\) at \(298\ \text{K}\) and \(1\ \text{bar}\). After \(10\ \text{yr}\), Raman spectroscopy detects no \(\text{C(s, graphite)}\) above a \(0.1\%\) detection limit. Relevant data for the conversion are shown below.
\[ \text{C(s, diamond)} \rightarrow \text{C(s, graphite)} \]
Which statement best reconciles the spectroscopic observation with the thermodynamic and kinetic data?
\[ \text{C(s, diamond)} \rightarrow \text{C(s, graphite)} \]
| Quantity at \(298\ \text{K}\) | Value |
|---|---|
| \(\Delta H^\circ\) | \(-1.9\ \text{kJ mol}^{-1}\) |
| \(\Delta S^\circ\) | \(+3.4\ \text{J mol}^{-1}\text{K}^{-1}\) |
| \(E_{a,\text{forward}}\) | \(700\ \text{kJ mol}^{-1}\) |
Which statement best reconciles the spectroscopic observation with the thermodynamic and kinetic data?
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