AP Chemistry
1.8 Valence Electrons and Ionic Compounds
1.7 Periodic Trends
A student compares lattice-energy trends for alkaline earth oxide and chloride solids. The ionic radii for the relevant ions in comparable coordination environments are shown below.
The student models the magnitude of the dominant attraction between neighboring ions using the index
\[ I=\dfrac{|z_+z_-|}{r_++r_-} \]
where a larger value of \(I\) predicts a larger lattice-energy magnitude. Assume that other structural factors are comparable within each cation replacement. Which statement correctly predicts whether \(\text{CaO}\rightarrow\text{MgO}\) or \(\text{CaCl}_2\rightarrow\text{MgCl}_2\) produces the larger increase in the modeled lattice-energy magnitude and gives the correct justification?
| Ion | Ionic radius, \(r\) (\(\text{pm}\)) |
|---|---|
| \(\text{Mg}^{2+}\) | \(72\) |
| \(\text{Ca}^{2+}\) | \(100\) |
| \(\text{O}^{2-}\) | \(140\) |
| \(\text{Cl}^{-}\) | \(181\) |
The student models the magnitude of the dominant attraction between neighboring ions using the index
\[ I=\dfrac{|z_+z_-|}{r_++r_-} \]
where a larger value of \(I\) predicts a larger lattice-energy magnitude. Assume that other structural factors are comparable within each cation replacement. Which statement correctly predicts whether \(\text{CaO}\rightarrow\text{MgO}\) or \(\text{CaCl}_2\rightarrow\text{MgCl}_2\) produces the larger increase in the modeled lattice-energy magnitude and gives the correct justification?
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