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AP Chemistry
1.8 Valence Electrons and Ionic Compounds
1.7 Periodic Trends
AdvancedMCQMathematicalProportional AnalysisConceptual14.7k
A student compares lattice-energy trends for alkaline earth oxide and chloride solids. The ionic radii for the relevant ions in comparable coordination environments are shown below.

IonIonic radius, \(r\) (\(\text{pm}\))
\(\text{Mg}^{2+}\)\(72\)
\(\text{Ca}^{2+}\)\(100\)
\(\text{O}^{2-}\)\(140\)
\(\text{Cl}^{-}\)\(181\)

The student models the magnitude of the dominant attraction between neighboring ions using the index

\[ I=\dfrac{|z_+z_-|}{r_++r_-} \]

where a larger value of \(I\) predicts a larger lattice-energy magnitude. Assume that other structural factors are comparable within each cation replacement. Which statement correctly predicts whether \(\text{CaO}\rightarrow\text{MgO}\) or \(\text{CaCl}_2\rightarrow\text{MgCl}_2\) produces the larger increase in the modeled lattice-energy magnitude and gives the correct justification?

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