AP Chemistry
1.8 Valence Electrons and Ionic Compounds
1.7 Periodic Trends
A materials scientist screens four rock-salt ionic solids as simplified models for selecting a refractory ceramic. The ionic radii are shown in the table.
Assume that all other lattice factors are comparable and that the expected melting point increases with the magnitude of the Coulombic attraction between adjacent ions, modeled by
\[ |U|\propto \dfrac{|q_+q_-|}{r_++r_-} \]
Which choice gives the expected melting-point order from greatest to least and best justifies the ranking?
| Solid | Cation radius, \(r_+\) (\(\text{pm}\)) | Anion radius, \(r_-\) (\(\text{pm}\)) |
|---|---|---|
| \(\text{MgO}\) | \(72\) | \(140\) |
| \(\text{CaO}\) | \(100\) | \(140\) |
| \(\text{NaF}\) | \(102\) | \(133\) |
| \(\text{KBr}\) | \(138\) | \(196\) |
Assume that all other lattice factors are comparable and that the expected melting point increases with the magnitude of the Coulombic attraction between adjacent ions, modeled by
\[ |U|\propto \dfrac{|q_+q_-|}{r_++r_-} \]
Which choice gives the expected melting-point order from greatest to least and best justifies the ranking?
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