AP Chemistry
2.4 Structure of Metals and Alloys
A materials student models two solid alloys of a hypothetical metal \(M\), which has an atomic radius of \(140\text{ pm}\) and a molar mass of \(56\text{ g/mol}\). In the model, a solute is predicted to occupy a substitutional site when \(0.85\leq \dfrac{r_{\text{solute}}}{r_M}\leq 1.15\), whereas a solute can fit into an ideal octahedral interstitial site when \(\dfrac{r_{\text{solute}}}{r_M}\leq 0.414\).
Measurements indicate that the two alloys have the same volume per \(10\) original host-lattice sites. All other microstructural features that affect malleability are held constant. Which row correctly compares the density and malleability of the two alloys?
| Alloy | Composition | Solute radius | Solute molar mass |
|---|---|---|---|
| \(P\) | Replace \(1\) of every \(10\) atoms of \(M\) with \(X\) | \(133\text{ pm}\) | \(52\text{ g/mol}\) |
| \(Q\) | Add \(1\) atom of \(Y\) for every \(10\) atoms of \(M\) | \(56\text{ pm}\) | \(16\text{ g/mol}\) |
Measurements indicate that the two alloys have the same volume per \(10\) original host-lattice sites. All other microstructural features that affect malleability are held constant. Which row correctly compares the density and malleability of the two alloys?
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