AP Chemistry
1.7 Periodic Trends
1.5 Atomic Structure and Electron Configuration
The first ionization energies and ground-state valence electron configurations for four Period 2 elements are shown in the table below.
Although first ionization energy generally increases across a period with increasing nuclear charge, both \(\text{B}\) and \(\text{O}\) have lower first ionization energies than the preceding element. Which of the following statements provides the correct justification for both observed anomalies based on subshell electron configurations?
| Element | Valence Electron Configuration | First Ionization Energy (\(\text{kJ/mol}\)) |
|---|---|---|
| \(\text{Be}\) | \(2s^2\) | \(899\) |
| \(\text{B}\) | \(2s^2\,2p^1\) | \(801\) |
| \(\text{N}\) | \(2s^2\,2p^3\) | \(1402\) |
| \(\text{O}\) | \(2s^2\,2p^4\) | \(1314\) |
Although first ionization energy generally increases across a period with increasing nuclear charge, both \(\text{B}\) and \(\text{O}\) have lower first ionization energies than the preceding element. Which of the following statements provides the correct justification for both observed anomalies based on subshell electron configurations?
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