AP Chemistry
1.4 Composition of Mixtures
1.1 Moles and Molar Mass
A student conducts an experiment to determine the composition of a bronze alloy containing only \(\text{Cu}\) and \(\text{Sn}\). A \(2.46 \text{ g}\) sample of the alloy is dissolved completely in excess concentrated \(\text{HNO}_3\text{(aq)}\). During the reaction, all of the tin is oxidized to insoluble hydrated tin(IV) oxide, while the copper dissolves to form \(\text{Cu}^{2+}\text{(aq)}\). The precipitate is collected by filtration, washed, and heated to constant mass in a crucible to yield anhydrous \(\text{SnO}_2\text{(s)}\). The student records the laboratory data in the table below.
Based on the data in the table, what is the mole fraction of \(\text{Cu}\) in the bronze alloy sample?
| Measurement | Value |
|---|---|
| Mass of bronze alloy sample | \(2.46 \text{ g}\) |
| Mass of empty crucible and cover | \(18.50 \text{ g}\) |
| Mass of crucible, cover, and \(\text{SnO}_2\text{(s)}\) after heating | \(20.01 \text{ g}\) |
| Molar mass of \(\text{Cu}\) | \(63.5 \text{ g/mol}\) |
| Molar mass of \(\text{Sn}\) | \(119 \text{ g/mol}\) |
| Molar mass of \(\text{SnO}_2\) | \(151 \text{ g/mol}\) |
Based on the data in the table, what is the mole fraction of \(\text{Cu}\) in the bronze alloy sample?
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