AP Chemistry
8.10 Buffer Capacity
8.9 Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation
8.8 Properties of Buffers
A student prepares four separate \(100.0 \text{ mL}\) buffer solutions using a weak monoprotic acid, \(\text{HA}\) (\(\text{p}K_a = 5.00\)), and its conjugate base, \(\text{NaA}\). To each solution, the student adds \(0.0020 \text{ mol}\) of solid \(\text{NaOH}\) without causing a significant volume change, and records the resulting \(\text{pH}\) values in the table below.
Based on the data, which of the following correctly ranks the buffer solutions from greatest to least buffer capacity against the added strong base, and provides the best justification?
| Buffer | \([\text{HA}]\) (M) | \([\text{A}^-]\) (M) | Initial \(\text{pH}\) | Final \(\text{pH}\) after addition of \(0.0020 \text{ mol NaOH}\) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| W | \(0.50\) | \(0.50\) | \(5.00\) | \(5.03\) |
| X | \(0.50\) | \(0.050\) | \(4.00\) | \(4.16\) |
| Y | \(0.10\) | \(0.10\) | \(5.00\) | \(5.18\) |
| Z | \(0.050\) | \(0.50\) | \(6.00\) | \(6.24\) |
Based on the data, which of the following correctly ranks the buffer solutions from greatest to least buffer capacity against the added strong base, and provides the best justification?
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