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AP Physics C: E&M
11.7 Kirchhoff’s Junction Rule
11.6 Kirchhoff’s Loop Rule
11.5 Compound Direct Current Circuits
11.2 Simple Circuits
AdvancedMCQConceptual17.1k
A grayscale schematic containing two circuit diagrams side-by-side, labeled Setup 1 on the left and Setup 2 on the right. Setup 1 consists of a single rectangular loop with a DC voltage source on the left wire. The top wire contains an ammeter represented by a circle with the letter A. The right side of the loop splits into two parallel branches: the inner branch contains a resistor rectangle labeled R, and the outer branch contains a voltmeter circle with the letter V. Setup 2 consists of a rectangular loop with a DC voltage source on the left wire. The right wire contains an ammeter circle with the letter A in series above a resistor rectangle labeled R. A separate parallel branch connects across both the ammeter and the resistor, containing a voltmeter circle with the letter V. No other labels, lines, text, or axes appear.
Two multimeter circuit configurations used to measure the resistance of a load resistor.
A student measures the resistance \(R\) of two resistors (\(R_1 \approx 5\text{ }\Omega\) and \(R_2 \approx 50\text{ k}\Omega\)) using a dc power supply, an ammeter with internal resistance \(R_A \approx 2\text{ }\Omega\), and a voltmeter with internal resistance \(R_V \approx 100\text{ k}\Omega\).

In Setup 1, the voltmeter is connected directly across the resistor while the ammeter measures the total current entering the parallel combination; this setup produces minimal percentage error for \(R_1\) but substantial error for \(R_2\).

In Setup 2, the voltmeter is connected across the series combination of the ammeter and the resistor while the ammeter measures only the resistor current; this setup produces minimal percentage error for \(R_2\) but substantial error for \(R_1\).

Which of the following statements correctly explains these experimental results?

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