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AP Physics 2
11.6 Kirchhoff’s Loop Rule
11.5 Compound Direct Current (DC) Circuits
11.3 Resistance, Resistivity, and Ohm’s Law
AdvancedMCQMathematicalConceptual16.5k
A schematic diagram of a slide-wire potentiometer circuit. At the top, a driver cell of emf \(\mathcal{E}_0\) is connected in series with a uniform resistance wire stretching horizontally from point A on the left to point B on the right, with total length L. Below the wire, a secondary circuit connects point A to the positive terminal of a battery with emf \(\mathcal{E}_x\) and internal resistance r_x. A resistor of resistance R is connected in parallel across the terminals of this battery with an open switch. The negative terminal of the battery connects through a galvanometer G to a sliding contact jockey that touches the wire at a distance x from point A. No other components appear.
Potentiometer circuit configured to measure battery internal resistance.
A slide-wire potentiometer circuit consists of a driver cell of constant emf \(\mathcal{E}_0\) connected across a uniform resistance wire of length \(L\). A secondary branch containing a battery of unknown emf \(\mathcal{E}_x\) and unknown internal resistance \(r_x\) is connected to the wire through a sensitive galvanometer. When the battery is on open circuit, a balance point of zero galvanometer current is obtained at a distance \(x_1\) from the left end of the wire. When a resistor of known resistance \(R\) is connected directly across the terminals of the battery, a new balance point is obtained at a distance \(x_2\). Assuming the driver cell and lead wires have negligible resistance, which of the following expressions correctly gives the internal resistance \(r_x\) of the battery?

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