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AP Physics 2
9.4 The First Law of Thermodynamics
9.2 The Ideal Gas Law
AdvancedMCQMathematicalConceptual22.6k
A PV diagram with pressure P on the vertical axis and volume V on the horizontal axis. State A is located at (2.0, 4.0) corresponding to volume 2.0 times 10^-3 m^3 and pressure 4.0 times 10^5 Pa. A horizontal line with an arrow pointing right connects state A to state B at (5.0, 4.0). A smooth curve concave upward with an arrow pointing down and right connects state B to state C at a larger volume and lower pressure. A smooth curve concave upward with an arrow pointing up and left connects state C back to state A. Process A to B, B to C, and C to A are labeled next to their respective path segments. No other labels, lines, text, or axes appear.
Figure 1: PV diagram for the three-step cycle.
A sample of an ideal gas undergoes a closed thermodynamic cycle \(A \rightarrow B \rightarrow C \rightarrow A\), as represented in the \(PV\) diagram.

- Process \(A \rightarrow B\) is an isobaric expansion at a constant pressure of \(4.0 \times 10^5 \text{ Pa}\) from an initial volume \(V_A = 2.0 \times 10^{-3} \text{ m}^3\) to a final volume \(V_B = 5.0 \times 10^{-3} \text{ m}^3\).
- Process \(B \rightarrow C\) is an adiabatic expansion during which the gas performs \(900 \text{ J}\) of work on its surroundings.
- Process \(C \rightarrow A\) is an isothermal compression back to state \(A\), during which \(1000 \text{ J}\) of thermal energy is transferred out of the gas.

What is the net heat added to the gas during process \(A \rightarrow B\)?

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