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AP Physics 2
9.4 The First Law of Thermodynamics
AdvancedMCQMathematicalConceptual25.4k
A two-dimensional Cartesian graph of pressure P in kilopascals on the vertical axis versus volume V in cubic meters multiplied by 10 to the power of negative 3 on the horizontal axis. The vertical axis has ticks labeled 100 and 300. The horizontal axis has ticks labeled 2.0 and 6.0. Three state points form a right triangle in the first quadrant: Point 1 is located at (2.0, 300), Point 2 is located at (6.0, 300), and Point 3 is located at (6.0, 100). A horizontal line with a rightward arrow connects Point 1 to Point 2. A vertical downward line with a downward arrow connects Point 2 to Point 3. A straight diagonal line with an upward-leftward arrow connects Point 3 back to Point 1, completing a clockwise triangular loop. Dashed projection lines extend from Point 1 and Point 3 to both axes. No other labels, lines, text, or axes appear.
PV diagram for the cyclic process of a monatomic ideal gas.
A fixed quantity of a monatomic ideal gas undergoes the cyclic process \(1 \to 2 \to 3 \to 1\) shown in the pressure-volume diagram. Step \(1 \to 2\) is an isobaric expansion at a constant pressure of \(300 \, \text{kPa}\), step \(2 \to 3\) is an isochoric depressurization to \(100 \, \text{kPa}\), and step \(3 \to 1\) returns the gas to state \(1\) along a linear path. What are the net work done by the gas during one complete cycle, \(W_{\text{net}}\), and the thermal energy transferred to the gas during step \(1 \to 2\), \(Q_{12}\)?

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