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AP Physics 2
13.3 Refraction
13.1 Reflection
AdvancedMCQMathematical23.4k
A circular cross section of a water droplet of radius R centered at O. A light ray enters from the upper left in air at point A on the droplet's edge. A radial line from O through A serves as the normal line. The incident ray makes an angle \theta_1 with this normal line. The ray refracts into the droplet toward point B on the inner right surface, making an angle \theta_2 with the normal at A. At point B, a radial line from O through B shows the normal. The ray reflects off the inner surface at point B, making equal angles \theta_2 with the normal at B, and travels to point C on the lower left edge. At point C, a radial line from O through C shows the normal. The ray refracts out into the air, making an angle \theta_1 with the normal at C. Dashed lines indicate the original straight-line path extensions of the ray to illustrate angular turning at each interface. No other labels, lines, text, or axes appear.
Ray path through a spherical droplet.
A light ray traveling in air strikes a spherical water droplet at an angle of incidence \(\theta_1\) relative to the surface normal. Upon entering the droplet, the ray refracts at an angle \(\theta_2\) relative to the normal, travels through the droplet, undergoes a single internal reflection at the back surface, and refracts back out into the air. In terms of \(\theta_1\) and \(\theta_2\), what is the total angle of deviation \(\theta_{\text{dev}}\), defined as the total angle through which the ray has turned after exiting the droplet?

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