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AP Physics 2
14.7 Diffraction
AdvancedMCQConceptual21.4k
A laser emitting light of wavelength \(\lambda\) passes through a circular aperture of diameter \(D\) on the left. The light propagates to the right over a distance \(L\) toward a flat screen representing the ground station. The central diffraction cone expands at an angular half-width \(\theta\) to form a circular spot of diameter \(W\) on the screen. Labels indicate \(D\) at the aperture, \(L\) for the distance between aperture and screen, \(\theta\) for the angular spread, and \(W\) for the spot diameter. No other lines or labels appear.
Laser beam transmitting through an aperture of diameter D over distance L.
Engineers designing a satellite-to-ground optical communications link use a laser emitting light of wavelength \(\lambda\). To minimize the spatial spreading of the laser beam when it reaches a ground station at a fixed distance \(L\) away, the design team replaces the transmitter's output aperture with one of larger diameter \(D\). Which of the following claims correctly predicts the effect of this modification on the beam spot size at the ground station and provides a valid physical justification?

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