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AP Chemistry
9.9 Cell Potential and Free Energy
9.5 Free Energy and Equilibrium
9.3 Gibbs Free Energy and Thermodynamic Favorability
AdvancedMCQMathematicalConceptual23.9k
A student studying the relationship between electrical work, standard free energy, and chemical equilibrium compiles the data in the table below for three redox reactions carried out at \(298\text{ K}\).

ReactionBalanced equation\(n\)\(E^\circ\text{ (V)}\)\(\Delta G^\circ\text{ (kJ/mol}_{\text{rxn}}\text{)}\)\(K\text{ at } 298\text{ K}\)
1\(\text{X}^{2+}\text{(aq)} + \text{Y(s)} \rightarrow \text{X(s)} + \text{Y}^{2+}\text{(aq)}\)\(2\)\(+0.40\)\(-77\)\(3.3 \times 10^{13}\)
2\(2\,\text{W}^{3+}\text{(aq)} + 3\,\text{Z(s)} \rightarrow 2\,\text{W(s)} + 3\,\text{Z}^{2+}\text{(aq)}\)\(6\)\(+0.20\)\(-116\)\(1.9 \times 10^{20}\)
3\(\text{Q}^{2+}\text{(aq)} + \text{R(s)} \rightarrow \text{Q(s)} + \text{R}^{2+}\text{(aq)}\)\(2\)\(-0.15\)\(+29\)\(8.5 \times 10^{-6}\)

Which of the following best explains why Reaction 2 is more thermodynamically favorable under standard conditions and has a larger equilibrium constant than Reaction 1, even though \(E^\circ\) for Reaction 2 is smaller?

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