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AP Chemistry
9.9 Cell Potential and Free Energy
9.8 Galvanic (Voltaic) and Electrolytic Cells
AdvancedMCQConceptual17.7k
A schematic diagram of a galvanic cell with two separate beakers connected by an inverted U-shaped salt bridge and an external wire with a voltmeter. The left beaker contains a light gray solid strip labeled Zn(s) immersed in a solution labeled 1.0 M Zn(NO3)2(aq). The right beaker contains a dark gray solid rod labeled C(graphite) immersed in a solution labeled 1.0 M Fe(NO3)3(aq) and 1.0 M Fe(NO3)2(aq). The external wire connects the two electrodes through a circular voltmeter labeled V. The inverted U-tube is labeled KNO3(aq) salt bridge with open ends dipping into each solution. An arrow alongside the top wire indicates electron flow directed from the Zn(s) electrode toward the C(graphite) electrode. No other particles, labels, text, or annotations appear.
Galvanic cell consisting of a \( \text{Zn} \) anode and an inert graphite cathode.
A student constructs a galvanic cell under standard conditions, as shown in the diagram. One half-cell consists of a \( \text{Zn(s)} \) strip immersed in \( 1.0\text{ M Zn(NO}_3)_2\text{(aq)} \). The other half-cell consists of a solid graphite rod immersed in an aqueous solution containing \( 1.0\text{ M Fe(NO}_3)_3\text{(aq)} \) and \( 1.0\text{ M Fe(NO}_3)_2\text{(aq)} \). The relevant standard reduction potentials are given below.

\[ \text{Fe}^{3+}\text{(aq)} + \text{e}^- \rightarrow \text{Fe}^{2+}\text{(aq)} \quad E^\circ = +0.77\text{ V} \]
\[ \text{Zn}^{2+}\text{(aq)} + 2\text{e}^- \rightarrow \text{Zn(s)} \quad E^\circ = -0.76\text{ V} \]

After current is allowed to flow through the circuit for \( 10\text{ minutes} \), both electrodes are removed, rinsed with distilled water, dried, and weighed. Which of the following statements best explains why the mass of the graphite electrode does not change as the cell operates?

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