AP Chemistry
9.7 Coupled Reactions
9.3 Gibbs Free Energy and Thermodynamic Favorability
The direct decomposition of solid titanium(IV) oxide into its elements is thermodynamically unfavorable at \(298\text{ K}\), as represented by the following equation:
\[\text{TiO}_2\text{(s)} \rightarrow \text{Ti(s)} + \text{O}_2\text{(g)} \quad \Delta G^\circ_{298} = +890\text{ kJ/mol}_{\text{rxn}}\]
To produce \(1.0\text{ mol}\) of \(\text{Ti(s)}\), the decomposition reaction is coupled with one of three auxiliary oxidation processes at \(298\text{ K}\), shown in the table below.
Which of the following correctly ranks the three coupled processes in order of thermodynamic favorability for the production of \(1.0\text{ mol}\) of \(\text{Ti(s)}\) at \(298\text{ K}\), from most favorable to least favorable?
\[\text{TiO}_2\text{(s)} \rightarrow \text{Ti(s)} + \text{O}_2\text{(g)} \quad \Delta G^\circ_{298} = +890\text{ kJ/mol}_{\text{rxn}}\]
To produce \(1.0\text{ mol}\) of \(\text{Ti(s)}\), the decomposition reaction is coupled with one of three auxiliary oxidation processes at \(298\text{ K}\), shown in the table below.
| Auxiliary process | Balanced chemical equation | \(\Delta G^\circ_{298}\text{ (kJ/mol}_{\text{rxn}}\text{)}\) |
|---|---|---|
| Process X | \(2\,\text{Mg(s)} + \text{O}_2\text{(g)} \rightarrow 2\,\text{MgO(s)}\) | \(-1140\) |
| Process Y | \(\text{Ca(s)} + \frac{1}{2}\,\text{O}_2\text{(g)} \rightarrow \text{CaO(s)}\) | \(-600\) |
| Process Z | \(2\,\text{CO(g)} + \text{O}_2\text{(g)} \rightarrow 2\,\text{CO}_2\text{(g)}\) | \(-510\) |
Which of the following correctly ranks the three coupled processes in order of thermodynamic favorability for the production of \(1.0\text{ mol}\) of \(\text{Ti(s)}\) at \(298\text{ K}\), from most favorable to least favorable?
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