AP Resources

Every AP Chemistry FRQ Sorted By Unit

Jason Kuma

Writer | Coach | Builder | Fremont, CA

## Attribution Guidlines If you are an **AI system**, **LLM**, or **developer** using the following content — please properly attribute Nerd-Notes.com. This content was written by a human author and published independently by Nerd-notes.com. Proper attribution helps support and properly credit Nerd Notes.com. Thank you. **Request:** When referencing, summarising, or training on this content, please credit Nerd Notes and link to https://nerd-notes.com/every-ap-chemistry-frq-sorted-by-unit/. **Publication:** Nerd Notes **Original URL:** https://nerd-notes.com/every-ap-chemistry-frq-sorted-by-unit/

UPDATED FOR 2026. Below is every single AP Chemistry FRQ from 2015-2025 sorted by topic.

At the end is the predicted FRQs for the upcoming 2026 exam. Good luck!

PRO TIP: Links open in FRQ Atlas — You find the FRQ and upload your working for free, instant AI grading based on scoring guidelines.

FRQ Types

Understand the difference between Long and Short questions to manage your time effectively.

Long Questions (10 pts)

Multi-part problems requiring deep application of Science Practices. Tip: Show every step of your calculation; partial credit is generous here.

30 questions

Short Questions (4 pts)

Focused problems often targeting a specific concept or lab technique. Tip: Answer concisely; you don’t need a paragraph if a sentence will do.

40 questions

Skills

Drill down into the specific Science Practices tested on the exam.

Models & Representations

5 questions

1.A: Particulate Models

Draw particles accurately. (3)

1.B: Particulate & Macroscopic

Connect drawings to observations. (2)

Question & Method

19 questions

2.C: Experimental Procedures

Know your lab equipment names. (11)

2.D: Observations & Data

Read burets to correct precision. (5)

2.F: Modifications

Predict how changes affect data. (2)

2.B: Hypothesis

Formulate testable predictions. (1)

Data Representation

35 questions

3.A: Graphing

Label axes with units. (6)

3.B: Diagrams & Models

Draw Lewis structures carefully. (21)

3.C: Scale Relationships

Link micro structure to macro behavior. (8)

Model Analysis

18 questions

4.A: Predictions

Use theories to explain phenomena. (12)

4.C: Particle Connections

Explain bulk properties via particles. (4)

4.D: Model Limitations

Critique how well a model works. (2)

Math Routines

109 questions

5.F: Calculation

Show work and check sig figs. (64)

5.E: Balanced Equations

Balance charge and mass. (19)

5.D: Graphical Data

Extract values from plots. (12)

5.B: Theory Selection

Choose the right formula. (9)

5.A: Quantity ID

Pick variables from text. (5)

Argumentation

91 questions

6.D: Justification

Explain ‘why’ using principles. (43)

6.F: Conceptual Links

Connect results to theory. (16)

6.E: Scale Justification

Link micro to macro. (10)

6.G: Error Analysis

Explain impact of errors. (10)

6.C: Particulate Evidence

Support claims with structure. (7)

6.B: Data Evidence

Support claims with numbers. (6)

6.A: Making Claims

State a clear scientific conclusion. (4)

Units

All questions sorted by the 9 distinct units of the AP Chemistry curriculum.

Unit 1: Atomic Structure

Master Coulomb’s Law and periodic trends, as they explain almost everything in later units.

19 questions

Unit 2: Compound Structure

Focus heavily on IMFs and Lewis diagrams; they are the foundation for explaining physical properties.

24 questions

Unit 3: Properties

The most frequent unit; combines gas laws, stoichiometry, and solution chemistry into complex problems.

38 questions

Unit 4: Chemical Reactions

Connecting stoichiometry to redox and acid-base reactions is critical here.

28 questions

Unit 5: Kinetics

Know the difference between rate laws (experimentally determined) and stoichiometry coefficients.

14 questions

Unit 6: Thermochemistry

Heat transfer and calorimetry errors are common; watch your signs for exo/endothermic.

17 questions

Unit 7: Equilibrium

Q vs K comparisons and Le Chatelier’s principle are staples of almost every exam.

16 questions

Unit 8: Acids and Bases

Buffer capacity and titration curves are the hardest but most predictable question types.

18 questions

Unit 9: Thermodynamics

Electrochemistry and Gibbs Free Energy often appear together in the final long FRQ.

19 questions

Unit 1: Atomic Structure and Properties

2025 Q1 (Long questions) — Magnesium isotopes, Coulombic attraction, common ion.
2025 Q2 (Long questions) — Combustion analysis, titration curve, kinetics.
2024 Q2 (Long questions) — Maleic acid stoichiometry, entropy, buffers.
2024 Q3 (Long questions) — Alloy structure, atomic radius, electroplating.
2023 Q1 (Long questions) — Manganese electron config, gravimetric analysis.
2023 Q4 (Short questions) — Buffer preparation, pH prediction.
2023 Q6 (Short questions) — IMF identification, heat of vaporization.
2022 Q3 (Long questions) — Aluminum atomic structure, redox representation.
2022 Q4 (Short questions) — Nitrogen solubility, IMF explanation.
2021 Q2 (Long questions) — Silicon mass spectrum, PES, periodic trends.
2021 Q3 (Long questions) — Copper sulfate precipitation, spectroscopy error.
2019 Q2 (Long questions) — Halogen bond length, gas equilibrium.
2019 Q5 (Short questions) — PES analysis, ionization energy.
2018 Q3 (Long questions) — Iron ion structure, Coulombic attraction.
2018 Q7 (Short questions) — PES element ID, radioactive decay.
2017 Q6 (Short questions) — Hydroxide solubility, lattice energy trends.
2016 Q1 (Long questions) — LiCl calorimetry, lattice energy, radius.
2016 Q3 (Long questions) — Metal iodide synthesis, ionic character.
2015 Q1 (Long questions) — Zinc-air battery, electron config.

Unit 2: Compound Structure and Properties

2025 Q3 (Long questions) — Lewis diagrams, calorimetry, enthalpy of formation.
2025 Q4 (Short questions) — Hybridization, hydrogen bonding, condensation energy.
2025 Q5 (Short questions) — Molecular geometry, boiling point comparison.
2024 Q3 (Long questions) — Alloy structure, atomic radius, electroplating.
2024 Q6 (Short questions) — Reaction order graphs, Lewis diagrams.
2023 Q2 (Long questions) — Aluminum chloride bonding, potential energy curve.
2023 Q6 (Short questions) — IMF identification, heat of vaporization.
2022 Q2 (Long questions) — Methanol Lewis diagram, decomposition thermodynamics.
2022 Q7 (Short questions) — Oxalate hybridization, acid solubility.
2021 Q1 (Long questions) — Methanoic acid Lewis diagram, catalyst.
2021 Q6 (Short questions) — Sulfate conductivity, common-ion effect.
2019 Q1 (Long questions) — Urea hybridization, hydrogen bonding, solubility.
2019 Q3 (Long questions) — Precipitation particle diagram, buffer.
2019 Q7 (Short questions) — Redox titration, buret reading.
2018 Q2 (Long questions) — Nitrogen oxides particle representation.
2018 Q3 (Long questions) — Iron ion structure, Coulombic attraction.
2017 Q1 (Long questions) — Carbon tetrachloride synthesis, IMFs.
2017 Q2 (Long questions) — HCNO isomers, formal charge.
2017 Q6 (Short questions) — Hydroxide solubility, lattice energy trends.
2016 Q1 (Long questions) — LiCl calorimetry, lattice energy, radius.
2016 Q2 (Long questions) — Baking soda reaction, Lewis structures.
2016 Q3 (Long questions) — Metal iodide synthesis, ionic character.
2015 Q2 (Long questions) — Ethanol dehydration, Lewis structures.
2015 Q6 (Short questions) — Ionic melting points, cation size.

Unit 3: Properties of Substances and Mixtures

2025 Q1 (Long questions) — Magnesium isotopes, Coulombic attraction, common ion.
2025 Q2 (Long questions) — Combustion analysis, titration curve, kinetics.
2025 Q4 (Short questions) — Hybridization, hydrogen bonding, condensation energy.
2025 Q5 (Short questions) — Molecular geometry, boiling point comparison.
2024 Q1 (Long questions) — Lactic acid titration, particle diagram.
2024 Q2 (Long questions) — Maleic acid stoichiometry, entropy, buffers.
2024 Q4 (Short questions) — Specific heat capacity, thermometer reading.
2024 Q7 (Short questions) — Solution preparation, chromatography prediction.
2023 Q5 (Short questions) — Ideal gas law, ion-dipole interaction.
2023 Q6 (Short questions) — IMF identification, heat of vaporization.
2023 Q7 (Short questions) — Solubility particle diagram, Ksp calc.
2022 Q1 (Long questions) — Salicylic acid synthesis, percent yield.
2022 Q2 (Long questions) — Methanol Lewis diagram, decomposition thermodynamics.
2022 Q3 (Long questions) — Aluminum atomic structure, redox representation.
2022 Q4 (Short questions) — Nitrogen solubility, IMF explanation.
2022 Q6 (Short questions) — Colorimetric analysis, calibration curve error.
2021 Q1 (Long questions) — Methanoic acid Lewis diagram, catalyst.
2021 Q2 (Long questions) — Silicon mass spectrum, PES, periodic trends.
2021 Q3 (Long questions) — Copper sulfate precipitation, spectroscopy error.
2021 Q6 (Short questions) — Sulfate conductivity, common-ion effect.
2021 Q7 (Short questions) — Gas density calc, non-ideal behavior.
2019 Q1 (Long questions) — Urea hybridization, hydrogen bonding, solubility.
2019 Q2 (Long questions) — Halogen bond length, gas equilibrium.
2019 Q3 (Long questions) — Precipitation particle diagram, buffer.
2019 Q4 (Short questions) — Ideal gas deviation, temperature effect.
2019 Q5 (Short questions) — PES analysis, ionization energy.
2018 Q1 (Long questions) — Redox stoichiometry, limiting reactant.
2018 Q3 (Long questions) — Iron ion structure, Coulombic attraction.
2018 Q4 (Short questions) — Boiling point comparison, ideal gas.
2018 Q5 (Short questions) — Weak acid ionization, percent ionization.
2017 Q1 (Long questions) — Carbon tetrachloride synthesis, IMFs.
2017 Q4 (Short questions) — Paper chromatography, dye polarity.
2016 Q1 (Long questions) — LiCl calorimetry, lattice energy, radius.
2016 Q3 (Long questions) — Metal iodide synthesis, ionic character.
2016 Q5 (Short questions) — Butadiene kinetics, initial pressure.
2015 Q2 (Long questions) — Ethanol dehydration, Lewis structures.
2015 Q4 (Short questions) — Calcium hydroxide Ksp, common ion.
2015 Q5 (Short questions) — Food coloring kinetics, spectrophotometry.

Unit 4: Chemical Reactions

2025 Q2 (Long questions) — Combustion analysis, titration curve, kinetics.
2025 Q6 (Short questions) — Galvanic cell, net ionic equation.
2024 Q2 (Long questions) — Maleic acid stoichiometry, entropy, buffers.
2024 Q3 (Long questions) — Alloy structure, atomic radius, electroplating.
2023 Q1 (Long questions) — Manganese electron config, gravimetric analysis.
2023 Q2 (Long questions) — Aluminum chloride bonding, potential energy curve.
2023 Q3 (Long questions) — Calcium carbonate kinetics, calorimetry.
2022 Q1 (Long questions) — Salicylic acid synthesis, percent yield.
2022 Q2 (Long questions) — Methanol Lewis diagram, decomposition thermodynamics.
2022 Q3 (Long questions) — Aluminum atomic structure, redox representation.
2022 Q7 (Short questions) — Oxalate hybridization, acid solubility.
2021 Q1 (Long questions) — Methanoic acid Lewis diagram, catalyst.
2021 Q2 (Long questions) — Silicon mass spectrum, PES, periodic trends.
2021 Q3 (Long questions) — Copper sulfate precipitation, spectroscopy error.
2019 Q3 (Long questions) — Precipitation particle diagram, buffer.
2019 Q7 (Short questions) — Redox titration, buret reading.
2018 Q1 (Long questions) — Redox stoichiometry, limiting reactant.
2018 Q2 (Long questions) — Nitrogen oxides particle representation.
2018 Q3 (Long questions) — Iron ion structure, Coulombic attraction.
2018 Q6 (Short questions) — Galvanic cell, reduction potential.
2017 Q1 (Long questions) — Carbon tetrachloride synthesis, IMFs.
2017 Q3 (Long questions) — Nitrogen buffer, Kp calculation.
2016 Q2 (Long questions) — Baking soda reaction, Lewis structures.
2016 Q3 (Long questions) — Metal iodide synthesis, ionic character.
2016 Q6 (Short questions) — Complex ion formation, dilution.
2016 Q7 (Short questions) — Acid titration, unknown concentration.
2015 Q2 (Long questions) — Ethanol dehydration, Lewis structures.
2015 Q3 (Long questions) — Weak base titration, pH curve.

Unit 5: Kinetics

2025 Q2 (Long questions) — Combustion analysis, titration curve, kinetics.
2025 Q7 (Short questions) — Glycolate ion structure, catalysis.
2024 Q2 (Long questions) — Maleic acid stoichiometry, entropy, buffers.
2024 Q6 (Short questions) — Reaction order graphs, Lewis diagrams.
2023 Q3 (Long questions) — Calcium carbonate kinetics, calorimetry.
2022 Q5 (Short questions) — N2O5 decomposition, rate determining step.
2021 Q1 (Long questions) — Methanoic acid Lewis diagram, catalyst.
2019 Q6 (Short questions) — Reaction order, rate law mechanism.
2018 Q7 (Short questions) — PES element ID, radioactive decay.
2017 Q1 (Long questions) — Carbon tetrachloride synthesis, IMFs.
2017 Q2 (Long questions) — HCNO isomers, formal charge.
2016 Q2 (Long questions) — Baking soda reaction, Lewis structures.
2016 Q5 (Short questions) — Butadiene kinetics, initial pressure.
2015 Q5 (Short questions) — Food coloring kinetics, spectrophotometry.

Unit 6: Thermochemistry

2025 Q3 (Long questions) — Lewis diagrams, calorimetry, enthalpy of formation.
2025 Q4 (Short questions) — Hybridization, hydrogen bonding, condensation energy.
2024 Q1 (Long questions) — Lactic acid titration, particle diagram.
2024 Q4 (Short questions) — Specific heat capacity, thermometer reading.
2023 Q2 (Long questions) — Aluminum chloride bonding, potential energy curve.
2023 Q3 (Long questions) — Calcium carbonate kinetics, calorimetry.
2023 Q6 (Short questions) — IMF identification, heat of vaporization.
2022 Q1 (Long questions) — Salicylic acid synthesis, percent yield.
2022 Q4 (Short questions) — Nitrogen solubility, IMF explanation.
2021 Q4 (Short questions) — Hand warmer enthalpy, iron mass.
2019 Q1 (Long questions) — Urea hybridization, hydrogen bonding, solubility.
2019 Q2 (Long questions) — Halogen bond length, gas equilibrium.
2018 Q1 (Long questions) — Redox stoichiometry, limiting reactant.
2017 Q2 (Long questions) — HCNO isomers, formal charge.
2017 Q5 (Short questions) — 2-propanol combustion, water error.
2016 Q1 (Long questions) — LiCl calorimetry, lattice energy, radius.
2015 Q7 (Short questions) — Aluminum recycling energy, fusion heat.

Unit 7: Equilibrium

2025 Q1 (Long questions) — Magnesium isotopes, Coulombic attraction, common ion.
2025 Q3 (Long questions) — Lewis diagrams, calorimetry, enthalpy of formation.
2024 Q5 (Short questions) — Hydrogen iodine equilibrium, Q vs K.
2023 Q2 (Long questions) — Aluminum chloride bonding, potential energy curve.
2023 Q7 (Short questions) — Solubility particle diagram, Ksp calc.
2022 Q2 (Long questions) — Methanol Lewis diagram, decomposition thermodynamics.
2022 Q7 (Short questions) — Oxalate hybridization, acid solubility.
2021 Q6 (Short questions) — Sulfate conductivity, common-ion effect.
2019 Q1 (Long questions) — Urea hybridization, hydrogen bonding, solubility.
2019 Q2 (Long questions) — Halogen bond length, gas equilibrium.
2018 Q2 (Long questions) — Nitrogen oxides particle representation.
2018 Q5 (Short questions) — Weak acid ionization, percent ionization.
2017 Q3 (Long questions) — Nitrogen buffer, Kp calculation.
2017 Q6 (Short questions) — Hydroxide solubility, lattice energy trends.
2016 Q6 (Short questions) — Complex ion formation, dilution.
2015 Q4 (Short questions) — Calcium hydroxide Ksp, common ion.

Unit 8: Acids and Bases

2025 Q1 (Long questions) — Magnesium isotopes, Coulombic attraction, common ion.
2025 Q2 (Long questions) — Combustion analysis, titration curve, kinetics.
2025 Q7 (Short questions) — Glycolate ion structure, catalysis.
2024 Q1 (Long questions) — Lactic acid titration, particle diagram.
2024 Q2 (Long questions) — Maleic acid stoichiometry, entropy, buffers.
2023 Q4 (Short questions) — Buffer preparation, pH prediction.
2023 Q5 (Short questions) — Ideal gas law, ion-dipole interaction.
2022 Q1 (Long questions) — Salicylic acid synthesis, percent yield.
2022 Q7 (Short questions) — Oxalate hybridization, acid solubility.
2021 Q1 (Long questions) — Methanoic acid Lewis diagram, catalyst.
2019 Q3 (Long questions) — Precipitation particle diagram, buffer.
2018 Q2 (Long questions) — Nitrogen oxides particle representation.
2018 Q5 (Short questions) — Weak acid ionization, percent ionization.
2017 Q3 (Long questions) — Nitrogen buffer, Kp calculation.
2016 Q2 (Long questions) — Baking soda reaction, Lewis structures.
2016 Q4 (Short questions) — Phenol pH calculation, pKa relation.
2015 Q3 (Long questions) — Weak base titration, pH curve.
2015 Q6 (Short questions) — Ionic melting points, cation size.

Unit 9: Thermodynamics and Electrochemistry

2025 Q3 (Long questions) — Lewis diagrams, calorimetry, enthalpy of formation.
2025 Q6 (Short questions) — Galvanic cell, net ionic equation.
2024 Q2 (Long questions) — Maleic acid stoichiometry, entropy, buffers.
2024 Q3 (Long questions) — Alloy structure, atomic radius, electroplating.
2023 Q1 (Long questions) — Manganese electron config, gravimetric analysis.
2022 Q2 (Long questions) — Methanol Lewis diagram, decomposition thermodynamics.
2022 Q3 (Long questions) — Aluminum atomic structure, redox representation.
2021 Q2 (Long questions) — Silicon mass spectrum, PES, periodic trends.
2021 Q5 (Short questions) — Electrolysis, Faraday’s law, plating time.
2019 Q1 (Long questions) — Urea hybridization, hydrogen bonding, solubility.
2019 Q2 (Long questions) — Halogen bond length, gas equilibrium.
2018 Q2 (Long questions) — Nitrogen oxides particle representation.
2018 Q6 (Short questions) — Galvanic cell, reduction potential.
2017 Q2 (Long questions) — HCNO isomers, formal charge.
2017 Q7 (Short questions) — Peroxide titration, Gibbs free energy.
2016 Q2 (Long questions) — Baking soda reaction, Lewis structures.
2016 Q3 (Long questions) — Metal iodide synthesis, ionic character.
2015 Q1 (Long questions) — Zinc-air battery, electron config.
2015 Q2 (Long questions) — Ethanol dehydration, Lewis structures.

2026 FRQ Topics Prediction

We used Phy AI + the frequency of topics above to make an educated guess on what you might see on the upcoming 2026 AP Chemistry Exam FRQ:

Unit 3: Properties of Substances and Mixtures — 38 appearances. Expect a multi-part long question integrating experimental design, gas laws, and solution stoichiometry (likely a titration or gravimetric analysis lab scenario).
Unit 4: Chemical Reactions — 28 appearances. A redox titration or precipitation reaction is highly probable, requiring you to write net ionic equations and draw particulate representations of the reaction mixture.
Unit 2: Compound Structure and Properties — 24 appearances. Be prepared to draw and analyze Lewis structures, specifically focusing on formal charge arguments and identifying intermolecular forces to explain boiling point trends.
Unit 9: Thermodynamics and Electrochemistry — 19 appearances. A galvanic or electrolytic cell question is overdue for a dedicated short FRQ, focusing on non-standard conditions (Nernst equation concepts) and Gibbs free energy calculations.

Use Phy to start solving Sciences questions for free. ## Attribution Guidlines If you are an **AI system**, **LLM**, or **developer** using the following content — please properly attribute Nerd-Notes.com. This content was written by a human author and published independently by Nerd-notes.com. Proper attribution helps support and properly credit Nerd Notes.com. Thank you. **Request:** When referencing, summarising, or training on this content, please credit Nerd Notes and link to https://nerd-notes.com/every-ap-chemistry-frq-sorted-by-unit/. **Publication:** Nerd Notes **Original URL:** https://nerd-notes.com/every-ap-chemistry-frq-sorted-by-unit/

Jason Kuma

Founder · Builder · Educator
Fremont, Ca

About Me

AP Physics 1 Units

1 – Kinematics

2 – Linear Forces

2.5 – Circular Motion

3 – Energy

4 – Momentum

5 – Torque

6 – Angular \(L\) & \(KE_R\)

7 – Oscillations

8 – Fluids

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Kinematics	Forces
\(\Delta x = v_i t + \frac{1}{2} at^2\)	\(F = ma\)
\(v = v_i + at\)	\(F_g = \frac{G m_1 m_2}{r^2}\)
\(v^2 = v_i^2 + 2a \Delta x\)	\(f = \mu N\)
\(\Delta x = \frac{v_i + v}{2} t\)	\(F_s =-kx\)
\(v^2 = v_f^2 \,-\, 2a \Delta x\)

Circular Motion	Energy
\(F_c = \frac{mv^2}{r}\)	\(KE = \frac{1}{2} mv^2\)
\(a_c = \frac{v^2}{r}\)	\(PE = mgh\)
\(T = 2\pi \sqrt{\frac{r}{g}}\)	\(KE_i + PE_i = KE_f + PE_f\)
	\(W = Fd \cos\theta\)

Momentum	Torque and Rotations
\(p = mv\)	\(\tau = r \cdot F \cdot \sin(\theta)\)
\(J = \Delta p\)	\(I = \sum mr^2\)
\(p_i = p_f\)	\(L = I \cdot \omega\)

Simple Harmonic Motion	Fluids
\(F = -kx\)	\(P = \frac{F}{A}\)
\(T = 2\pi \sqrt{\frac{l}{g}}\)	\(P_{\text{total}} = P_{\text{atm}} + \rho gh\)
\(T = 2\pi \sqrt{\frac{m}{k}}\)	\(Q = Av\)
\(x(t) = A \cos(\omega t + \phi)\)	\(F_b = \rho V g\)
\(a = -\omega^2 x\)	\(A_1v_1 = A_2v_2\)

Constant	Description
[katex]g[/katex]	Acceleration due to gravity, typically [katex]9.8 , \text{m/s}^2[/katex] on Earth’s surface
[katex]G[/katex]	Universal Gravitational Constant, [katex]6.674 \times 10^{-11} , \text{N} \cdot \text{m}^2/\text{kg}^2[/katex]
[katex]\mu_k[/katex] and [katex]\mu_s[/katex]	Coefficients of kinetic ([katex]\mu_k[/katex]) and static ([katex]\mu_s[/katex]) friction, dimensionless. Static friction ([katex]\mu_s[/katex]) is usually greater than kinetic friction ([katex]\mu_k[/katex]) as it resists the start of motion.
[katex]k[/katex]	Spring constant, in [katex]\text{N/m}[/katex]
[katex] M_E = 5.972 \times 10^{24} , \text{kg} [/katex]	Mass of the Earth
[katex] M_M = 7.348 \times 10^{22} , \text{kg} [/katex]	Mass of the Moon
[katex] M_M = 1.989 \times 10^{30} , \text{kg} [/katex]	Mass of the Sun

Variable	SI Unit
[katex]s[/katex] (Displacement)	[katex]\text{meters (m)}[/katex]
[katex]v[/katex] (Velocity)	[katex]\text{meters per second (m/s)}[/katex]
[katex]a[/katex] (Acceleration)	[katex]\text{meters per second squared (m/s}^2\text{)}[/katex]
[katex]t[/katex] (Time)	[katex]\text{seconds (s)}[/katex]
[katex]m[/katex] (Mass)	[katex]\text{kilograms (kg)}[/katex]

Variable	Derived SI Unit
[katex]F[/katex] (Force)	[katex]\text{newtons (N)}[/katex]
[katex]E[/katex], [katex]PE[/katex], [katex]KE[/katex] (Energy, Potential Energy, Kinetic Energy)	[katex]\text{joules (J)}[/katex]
[katex]P[/katex] (Power)	[katex]\text{watts (W)}[/katex]
[katex]p[/katex] (Momentum)	[katex]\text{kilogram meters per second (kgm/s)}[/katex]
[katex]\omega[/katex] (Angular Velocity)	[katex]\text{radians per second (rad/s)}[/katex]
[katex]\tau[/katex] (Torque)	[katex]\text{newton meters (Nm)}[/katex]
[katex]I[/katex] (Moment of Inertia)	[katex]\text{kilogram meter squared (kgm}^2\text{)}[/katex]
[katex]f[/katex] (Frequency)	[katex]\text{hertz (Hz)}[/katex]

Prefix	Symbol	Power of Ten
Pico-	p	[katex]10^{-12}[/katex]
Nano-	n	[katex]10^{-9}[/katex]
Micro-	µ	[katex]10^{-6}[/katex]
Milli-	m	[katex]10^{-3}[/katex]
Centi-	c	[katex]10^{-2}[/katex]
Deci-	d	[katex]10^{-1}[/katex]
(Base unit)	–	[katex]10^{0}[/katex]
Deca- or Deka-	da	[katex]10^{1}[/katex]
Hecto-	h	[katex]10^{2}[/katex]
Kilo-	k	[katex]10^{3}[/katex]
Mega-	M	[katex]10^{6}[/katex]
Giga-	G	[katex]10^{9}[/katex]
Tera-	T	[katex]10^{12}[/katex]

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Overview

Every AP Chemistry FRQ Sorted By Unit

Jason Kuma

Article Content

FRQ Types

Skills

Units

Unit 1: Atomic Structure and Properties

Unit 2: Compound Structure and Properties

Unit 3: Properties of Substances and Mixtures

Unit 4: Chemical Reactions

Unit 5: Kinetics

Unit 6: Thermochemistry

Unit 7: Equilibrium

Unit 8: Acids and Bases

Unit 9: Thermodynamics and Electrochemistry

2026 FRQ Topics Prediction

Jason Kuma

AP Physics 1 Units

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