Every AP Environmental Sciences (APES) FRQ Sorted By Unit

UPDATED for the 2026-27 School Year. Below is every single AP Environmental Science FRQ from 2015-2026 sorted by topic.

At the end is the predicted FRQs for the upcoming 2027 exam. Good luck!

PRO TIP: Links open in FRQ Atlas — You find the FRQ and upload your working for free, instant AI grading based on scoring guidelines.

FRQ Types

Drill down into the 3 specific FRQ formats used on the APES exam.

Design an investigation

Requires creating a valid experiment from a scenario. Tip: Explicitly name your independent/dependent variables and control group.

10 Questions

Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution

Focuses on cause-and-effect relationships. Tip: When proposing a solution, ensure it is economically and environmentally viable.

25 Questions

Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution doing calculations

Combines concept application with math. Tip: Always show your work, including units, to get full credit.

15 Questions

Skills

Explore the specific scientific practices tested across all questions.

Concept Explanation

Total: 96 Questions

1.A: Describe concepts

Focus on definitions and basic characteristics. (46)

1.B: Explain concepts

Connect the “how” and “why” of processes. (34)

1.C: Apply concepts

Apply knowledge to specific real-world scenarios. (16)

Visual Representations

Total: 21 Questions

2.A: Describe visuals

Interpret maps, diagrams, and models directly. (13)

2.B: Explain relationships

Identify connections between visual elements. (6)

2.C: Relate to issues

Connect models to broader environmental problems. (2)

Scientific Experiments

Total: 35 Questions

4.A: Identify hypothesis

Formulate testable questions or hypotheses. (11)

4.B: Identify method

Pinpoint research methods and variables. (11)

4.C: Describe design

Explain specific aspects of experimental setups. (6)

4.E: Modify procedure

Predict how changes alter experimental outcomes. (7)

Data Analysis

Total: 39 Questions

5.A: Describe patterns

Identify trends in graphs and tables. (17)

5.B: Describe relationships

Connect variables within data sets. (8)

5.C: Draw conclusions

Use patterns to support scientific claims. (5)

5.D: Interpret results

Relate data back to the hypothesis. (6)

5.E: Explain implications

Connect data to broader environmental issues. (3)

Mathematical Routines

Total: 31 Questions

6.B: Apply math

Set up mathematical relationships and show work. (15)

6.C: Calculate answer

Compute accurate answers with correct units. (16)

Environmental Solutions

Total: 97 Questions

7.A: Describe problems

Identify specific environmental issues. (22)

7.B: Describe responses

Outline potential approaches to solve problems. (22)

7.C: Evaluate solutions

Weigh pros, cons, and unintended consequences. (16)

7.E: Propose solution

Make a claim proposing a specific solution. (19)

7.F: Justify solution

Support proposals with evidence and advantages. (18)

Units

Browse questions sorted by the 9 distinct units of the APES curriculum.

Unit 1: The Living World: Ecosystems

Often paired with biomes and biogeochemical cycles; look for questions linking climate to ecosystem structure. (18)

Unit 2: The Living World: Biodiversity

High frequency unit; emphasizes ecosystem services, island biogeography, and succession in experimental designs. (27)

Unit 3: Populations

Frequently appears in calculation questions involving growth rates, rule of 70, and demographic transitions. (13)

Unit 4: Earth Systems and Resources

Focuses on El Niño, soil composition, and plate tectonics as drivers for broader environmental conditions. (14)

Unit 5: Land and Water Use

The most tested unit; critical for proposing solutions in agriculture, forestry, mining, and urbanization scenarios. (36)

Unit 6: Energy Resources and Consumption

Essential for math-based FRQs comparing renewable vs. nonrenewable energy efficiency and emissions. (19)

Unit 7: Atmospheric Pollution

Targets air pollutants (NOx, SOx, PM), photochemical smog, and acid deposition mechanisms. (13)

Unit 8: Aquatic and Terrestrial Pollution

Heavy on eutrophication, bioaccumulation, solid waste, and point vs. nonpoint source pollution analysis. (25)

Unit 9: Global Change

Integrates concepts from all units to address climate change, ocean acidification, and biodiversity loss. (26)

Unit 1: The Living World: Ecosystems

  • 2026 Q1 (Design an investigation) — Climate change effects on birds, corals, Arctic species.
  • 2026 Q3 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution doing calculations) — Ocelot population decline, doubling time, energy calculations.
  • 2025 Set 1 Q1 (Design an investigation) — Ant biodiversity, habitat type, nonnative plants.
  • 2025 Set 1 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — El Niño, urban flooding, biome comparison.
  • 2025 Set 2 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Serengeti ecosystem, tectonic features, highway impact.
  • 2024 Set 1 Q1 (Design an investigation) — Stream DO, BOD zones, macroinvertebrates.
  • 2024 Set 2 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Land use data, urbanization, bobcat conservation.
  • 2024 Set 2 Q3 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution doing calculations) — Drought solutions, prescribed burns, water volume.
  • 2023 Set 2 Q1 (Design an investigation) — Mine restoration, plant recovery, soil runoff.
  • 2023 Set 1 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Manatee movement, thermal pollution, seagrass.
  • 2023 Set 2 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Asian carp, invasive species, Great Lakes.
  • 2022 Set 1 Q1 (Design an investigation) — Mercury pollution, turtle nesting, soil changes.
  • 2021 Set 2 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Amphibian richness, deforestation, land development.
  • 2021 Set 1 Q3 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution doing calculations) — Habitat fragmentation, specialist species, land area.
  • 2019 Q1 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Piping plovers, barrier islands, nesting habitat.
  • 2019 Q3 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Ocean acidification, CO2 trends, pH levels.
  • 2018 Q3 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Arctic food web, sea ice, polar bears.
  • 2015 Q1 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Everglades water diversion, phosphorus, restoration.

Unit 2: The Living World: Biodiversity

  • 2026 Q1 (Design an investigation) — Climate change effects on birds, corals, Arctic species.
  • 2025 Set 1 Q1 (Design an investigation) — Ant biodiversity, habitat type, nonnative plants.
  • 2025 Set 2 Q1 (Design an investigation) — Common Tern, wading birds, sea level rise.
  • 2025 Set 1 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — El Niño, urban flooding, biome comparison.
  • 2025 Set 2 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Serengeti ecosystem, tectonic features, highway impact.
  • 2024 Set 1 Q1 (Design an investigation) — Stream DO, BOD zones, macroinvertebrates.
  • 2024 Set 2 Q1 (Design an investigation) — Ecological succession, watershed diagram, clear-cutting.
  • 2024 Set 2 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Land use data, urbanization, bobcat conservation.
  • 2024 Set 1 Q3 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution doing calculations) — Nuclear power, natural gas, CO2 emissions.
  • 2024 Set 2 Q3 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution doing calculations) — Drought solutions, prescribed burns, water volume.
  • 2023 Set 1 Q1 (Design an investigation) — GMO beans, runoff, ecological succession.
  • 2023 Set 2 Q1 (Design an investigation) — Mine restoration, plant recovery, soil runoff.
  • 2023 Set 1 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Manatee movement, thermal pollution, seagrass.
  • 2023 Set 2 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Asian carp, invasive species, Great Lakes.
  • 2022 Set 1 Q1 (Design an investigation) — Mercury pollution, turtle nesting, soil changes.
  • 2022 Set 2 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Lizard abundance, island biogeography, sugarcane.
  • 2021 Set 1 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Pesticide resistance, IPM, wildlife impact.
  • 2021 Set 2 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Amphibian richness, deforestation, land development.
  • 2021 Set 1 Q3 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution doing calculations) — Habitat fragmentation, specialist species, land area.
  • 2019 Q1 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Piping plovers, barrier islands, nesting habitat.
  • 2019 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution doing calculations) — Oil sands, bitumen extraction, forest ecology.
  • 2018 Q3 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Arctic food web, sea ice, polar bears.
  • 2017 Q1 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Microbeads, plastic pollution, nitrate wastewater.
  • 2017 Q3 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Deforestation, Haiti ecosystem services, demographics.
  • 2017 Q4 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Hydroelectric dams, keystone species, beavers.
  • 2016 Q1 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — White Nose Syndrome, bats, infectious disease.
  • 2015 Q1 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Everglades water diversion, phosphorus, restoration.

Unit 3: Populations

  • 2026 Q1 (Design an investigation) — Climate change effects on birds, corals, Arctic species.
  • 2026 Q3 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution doing calculations) — Ocelot population decline, doubling time, energy calculations.
  • 2025 Set 1 Q1 (Design an investigation) — Ant biodiversity, habitat type, nonnative plants.
  • 2025 Set 2 Q3 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution doing calculations) — Coal mining, population growth, biodiversity.
  • 2024 Set 1 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Animal protein, land use, mealworms.
  • 2023 Set 1 Q1 (Design an investigation) — GMO beans, runoff, ecological succession.
  • 2023 Set 1 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Manatee movement, thermal pollution, seagrass.
  • 2022 Set 2 Q3 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution doing calculations) — Coal ash, population change, water use.
  • 2021 Set 2 Q1 (Design an investigation) — Soil erosion, sediment runoff, straw bales.
  • 2021 Set 1 Q3 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution doing calculations) — Habitat fragmentation, specialist species, land area.
  • 2017 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution doing calculations) — Elephant population, K-strategists, decline rate.
  • 2017 Q3 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Deforestation, Haiti ecosystem services, demographics.
  • 2016 Q1 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — White Nose Syndrome, bats, infectious disease.

Unit 4: Earth Systems and Resources

  • 2025 Set 1 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — El Niño, urban flooding, biome comparison.
  • 2025 Set 2 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Serengeti ecosystem, tectonic features, highway impact.
  • 2024 Set 1 Q1 (Design an investigation) — Stream DO, BOD zones, macroinvertebrates.
  • 2024 Set 2 Q1 (Design an investigation) — Ecological succession, watershed diagram, clear-cutting.
  • 2024 Set 1 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Animal protein, land use, mealworms.
  • 2023 Set 2 Q1 (Design an investigation) — Mine restoration, plant recovery, soil runoff.
  • 2022 Set 2 Q1 (Design an investigation) — Mississippi watershed, dead zone, riparian buffers.
  • 2022 Set 2 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Lizard abundance, island biogeography, sugarcane.
  • 2022 Set 1 Q3 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution doing calculations) — Urban heat island, solar panels, efficiency.
  • 2022 Set 2 Q3 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution doing calculations) — Coal ash, population change, water use.
  • 2021 Set 2 Q1 (Design an investigation) — Soil erosion, sediment runoff, straw bales.
  • 2017 Q3 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Deforestation, Haiti ecosystem services, demographics.
  • 2017 Q4 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Hydroelectric dams, keystone species, beavers.
  • 2016 Q4 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Soil horizons, degradation, acid deposition.

Unit 5: Land and Water Use

  • 2026 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — U.S. energy consumption, nutrient pollution, eutrophication.
  • 2026 Q3 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution doing calculations) — Ocelot population decline, doubling time, energy calculations.
  • 2025 Set 1 Q1 (Design an investigation) — Ant biodiversity, habitat type, nonnative plants.
  • 2025 Set 2 Q1 (Design an investigation) — Common Tern, wading birds, sea level rise.
  • 2025 Set 1 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — El Niño, urban flooding, biome comparison.
  • 2025 Set 2 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Serengeti ecosystem, tectonic features, highway impact.
  • 2025 Set 2 Q3 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution doing calculations) — Coal mining, population growth, biodiversity.
  • 2024 Set 2 Q1 (Design an investigation) — Ecological succession, watershed diagram, clear-cutting.
  • 2024 Set 1 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Animal protein, land use, mealworms.
  • 2024 Set 2 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Land use data, urbanization, bobcat conservation.
  • 2024 Set 2 Q3 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution doing calculations) — Drought solutions, prescribed burns, water volume.
  • 2023 Set 1 Q1 (Design an investigation) — GMO beans, runoff, ecological succession.
  • 2023 Set 2 Q1 (Design an investigation) — Mine restoration, plant recovery, soil runoff.
  • 2023 Set 1 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Manatee movement, thermal pollution, seagrass.
  • 2023 Set 2 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Asian carp, invasive species, Great Lakes.
  • 2023 Set 1 Q3 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution doing calculations) — Crude oil, gold mining, ore extraction.
  • 2023 Set 2 Q3 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution doing calculations) — Methane emissions, landfills, beef production.
  • 2022 Set 1 Q1 (Design an investigation) — Mercury pollution, turtle nesting, soil changes.
  • 2022 Set 2 Q1 (Design an investigation) — Mississippi watershed, dead zone, riparian buffers.
  • 2022 Set 1 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Fracking methane, groundwater overuse, saltwater intrusion.
  • 2022 Set 2 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Lizard abundance, island biogeography, sugarcane.
  • 2022 Set 1 Q3 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution doing calculations) — Urban heat island, solar panels, efficiency.
  • 2022 Set 2 Q3 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution doing calculations) — Coal ash, population change, water use.
  • 2021 Set 2 Q1 (Design an investigation) — Soil erosion, sediment runoff, straw bales.
  • 2021 Set 1 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Pesticide resistance, IPM, wildlife impact.
  • 2021 Set 2 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Amphibian richness, deforestation, land development.
  • 2021 Set 1 Q3 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution doing calculations) — Habitat fragmentation, specialist species, land area.
  • 2019 Q1 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Piping plovers, barrier islands, nesting habitat.
  • 2019 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution doing calculations) — Oil sands, bitumen extraction, forest ecology.
  • 2018 Q1 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Green renovation, carbon footprint, native landscaping.
  • 2017 Q3 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Deforestation, Haiti ecosystem services, demographics.
  • 2017 Q4 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Hydroelectric dams, keystone species, beavers.
  • 2016 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution doing calculations) — Iron ore, steel production, mine waste.
  • 2016 Q4 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Soil horizons, degradation, acid deposition.
  • 2015 Q1 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Everglades water diversion, phosphorus, restoration.
  • 2015 Q4 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Urban sprawl, smart growth, petroleum.

Unit 6: Energy Resources and Consumption

  • 2026 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — U.S. energy consumption, nutrient pollution, eutrophication.
  • 2025 Set 1 Q3 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution doing calculations) — Air pollution, gas mileage, energy efficiency.
  • 2025 Set 2 Q3 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution doing calculations) — Coal mining, population growth, biodiversity.
  • 2024 Set 1 Q3 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution doing calculations) — Nuclear power, natural gas, CO2 emissions.
  • 2024 Set 2 Q3 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution doing calculations) — Drought solutions, prescribed burns, water volume.
  • 2023 Set 1 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Manatee movement, thermal pollution, seagrass.
  • 2023 Set 1 Q3 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution doing calculations) — Crude oil, gold mining, ore extraction.
  • 2022 Set 1 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Fracking methane, groundwater overuse, saltwater intrusion.
  • 2022 Set 1 Q3 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution doing calculations) — Urban heat island, solar panels, efficiency.
  • 2022 Set 2 Q3 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution doing calculations) — Coal ash, population change, water use.
  • 2021 Set 1 Q1 (Design an investigation) — Solar panels, hydroelectric power, reservoir impacts.
  • 2021 Set 2 Q3 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution doing calculations) — Coal vs gas, PM2.5, health impacts.
  • 2019 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution doing calculations) — Oil sands, bitumen extraction, forest ecology.
  • 2018 Q1 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Green renovation, carbon footprint, native landscaping.
  • 2018 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution doing calculations) — Offshore wind, energy generation, revenue.
  • 2017 Q4 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Hydroelectric dams, keystone species, beavers.
  • 2015 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution doing calculations) — E-waste, gold recovery, mobile devices.
  • 2015 Q3 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Oil spill data, cleanup methods, substitutes.
  • 2015 Q4 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Urban sprawl, smart growth, petroleum.

Unit 7: Atmospheric Pollution

  • 2025 Set 1 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — El Niño, urban flooding, biome comparison.
  • 2025 Set 1 Q3 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution doing calculations) — Air pollution, gas mileage, energy efficiency.
  • 2025 Set 2 Q3 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution doing calculations) — Coal mining, population growth, biodiversity.
  • 2024 Set 1 Q3 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution doing calculations) — Nuclear power, natural gas, CO2 emissions.
  • 2023 Set 1 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Manatee movement, thermal pollution, seagrass.
  • 2023 Set 1 Q3 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution doing calculations) — Crude oil, gold mining, ore extraction.
  • 2022 Set 1 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Fracking methane, groundwater overuse, saltwater intrusion.
  • 2022 Set 2 Q3 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution doing calculations) — Coal ash, population change, water use.
  • 2021 Set 2 Q3 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution doing calculations) — Coal vs gas, PM2.5, health impacts.
  • 2019 Q4 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Park visibility, air pollutants, visitor impact.
  • 2018 Q1 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Green renovation, carbon footprint, native landscaping.
  • 2018 Q4 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Indoor air, biomass burning, ventilation.
  • 2016 Q4 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Soil horizons, degradation, acid deposition.

Unit 8: Aquatic and Terrestrial Pollution

  • 2026 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — U.S. energy consumption, nutrient pollution, eutrophication.
  • 2025 Set 2 Q1 (Design an investigation) — Common Tern, wading birds, sea level rise.
  • 2024 Set 1 Q1 (Design an investigation) — Stream DO, BOD zones, macroinvertebrates.
  • 2024 Set 2 Q1 (Design an investigation) — Ecological succession, watershed diagram, clear-cutting.
  • 2024 Set 1 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Animal protein, land use, mealworms.
  • 2024 Set 1 Q3 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution doing calculations) — Nuclear power, natural gas, CO2 emissions.
  • 2023 Set 1 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Manatee movement, thermal pollution, seagrass.
  • 2023 Set 1 Q3 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution doing calculations) — Crude oil, gold mining, ore extraction.
  • 2023 Set 2 Q3 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution doing calculations) — Methane emissions, landfills, beef production.
  • 2022 Set 1 Q1 (Design an investigation) — Mercury pollution, turtle nesting, soil changes.
  • 2022 Set 2 Q1 (Design an investigation) — Mississippi watershed, dead zone, riparian buffers.
  • 2022 Set 2 Q3 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution doing calculations) — Coal ash, population change, water use.
  • 2021 Set 2 Q1 (Design an investigation) — Soil erosion, sediment runoff, straw bales.
  • 2021 Set 1 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Pesticide resistance, IPM, wildlife impact.
  • 2019 Q3 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Ocean acidification, CO2 trends, pH levels.
  • 2018 Q1 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Green renovation, carbon footprint, native landscaping.
  • 2018 Q4 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Indoor air, biomass burning, ventilation.
  • 2017 Q1 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Microbeads, plastic pollution, nitrate wastewater.
  • 2016 Q1 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — White Nose Syndrome, bats, infectious disease.
  • 2016 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution doing calculations) — Iron ore, steel production, mine waste.
  • 2016 Q3 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — MSW trends, incineration, composting.
  • 2015 Q1 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Everglades water diversion, phosphorus, restoration.
  • 2015 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution doing calculations) — E-waste, gold recovery, mobile devices.
  • 2015 Q3 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Oil spill data, cleanup methods, substitutes.
  • 2015 Q4 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Urban sprawl, smart growth, petroleum.

Unit 9: Global Change

  • 2026 Q1 (Design an investigation) — Climate change effects on birds, corals, Arctic species.
  • 2026 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — U.S. energy consumption, nutrient pollution, eutrophication.
  • 2026 Q3 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution doing calculations) — Ocelot population decline, doubling time, energy calculations.
  • 2025 Set 1 Q1 (Design an investigation) — Ant biodiversity, habitat type, nonnative plants.
  • 2025 Set 2 Q1 (Design an investigation) — Common Tern, wading birds, sea level rise.
  • 2025 Set 2 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Serengeti ecosystem, tectonic features, highway impact.
  • 2024 Set 1 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Animal protein, land use, mealworms.
  • 2024 Set 2 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Land use data, urbanization, bobcat conservation.
  • 2024 Set 1 Q3 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution doing calculations) — Nuclear power, natural gas, CO2 emissions.
  • 2023 Set 1 Q1 (Design an investigation) — GMO beans, runoff, ecological succession.
  • 2023 Set 2 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Asian carp, invasive species, Great Lakes.
  • 2023 Set 2 Q3 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution doing calculations) — Methane emissions, landfills, beef production.
  • 2022 Set 2 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Lizard abundance, island biogeography, sugarcane.
  • 2021 Set 1 Q1 (Design an investigation) — Solar panels, hydroelectric power, reservoir impacts.
  • 2021 Set 2 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Amphibian richness, deforestation, land development.
  • 2021 Set 1 Q3 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution doing calculations) — Habitat fragmentation, specialist species, land area.
  • 2019 Q1 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Piping plovers, barrier islands, nesting habitat.
  • 2019 Q3 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Ocean acidification, CO2 trends, pH levels.
  • 2019 Q4 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Park visibility, air pollutants, visitor impact.
  • 2018 Q1 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Green renovation, carbon footprint, native landscaping.
  • 2018 Q3 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Arctic food web, sea ice, polar bears.
  • 2017 Q2 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution doing calculations) — Elephant population, K-strategists, decline rate.
  • 2016 Q1 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — White Nose Syndrome, bats, infectious disease.
  • 2016 Q4 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Soil horizons, degradation, acid deposition.
  • 2015 Q1 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Everglades water diversion, phosphorus, restoration.
  • 2015 Q4 (Analyze an environmental problem and propose a solution) — Urban sprawl, smart growth, petroleum.

2027 FRQ Topics Prediction

We used Phy AI + the frequency of topics above to make an educated guess on what you might see on the upcoming 2027 AP Environmental Science Exam FRQ:

  • Unit 5: Land and Water Use — 36 appearances. Still the most-tested unit, hit twice in 2026. Prepare for a complex agriculture or land-management scenario requiring a proposed and justified solution.
  • Unit 9: Global Change — 26 appearances. Went three-for-three on the 2026 exam — climate change integration is now effectively guaranteed in every FRQ set.
  • Unit 2: The Living World: Biodiversity — 27 appearances. The 2026 investigation question tested species responses to warming; expect an experimental design on ecosystem services or biodiversity again.
  • Unit 8: Aquatic and Terrestrial Pollution — 25 appearances. Eutrophication starred in 2026 Q2; point vs. nonpoint sources and bioaccumulation remain high-yield.
  • Unit 6: Energy Resources and Consumption — 19 appearances. The 2026 energy-by-source graph continued the streak; expect math comparing energy sources, efficiency, or emissions.

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This article was written by Jason